Category: Health

Federal health authorities announced Wednesday that American baby formula contains minimal levels of harmful substances following an extensive contamination study described as the most comprehensive analysis ever conducted.

The examination was part of the Food and Drug Administration’s Operation Stork Speed initiative, which officials characterized as the most thorough investigation of its kind. Results indicated the nation’s infant formula supply poses no safety concerns, according to agency representatives and independent specialists.

“There’s no reason not to use any available formula” in the U.S., said Dr. Steven Abrams, a pediatrics professor at the University of Texas at Austin who reviewed the findings.

Between 2023 and 2025, FDA researchers examined more than 300 commercial infant formula samples, screening for heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury. The investigation also looked for pesticides, plastic-related chemicals called phthalates, and PFAS compounds, commonly referred to as “forever chemicals.”

All contamination levels registered as either undetectable or extremely minimal, officials reported. Heavy metal concentrations fell significantly below Environmental Protection Agency standards for drinking water. Pesticides were absent in 99% of tested samples. Among 30 different PFAS compounds examined, 25 showed no presence whatsoever.

Independent specialists largely supported the government’s conclusions, explaining that trace amounts of substances like heavy metals occur naturally in the environment. However, other compounds including phthalates and PFAS are manufactured.

“These chemicals are completely synthetic,” said Dr. Sheela Sathyanarayana, a pediatrics professor at UW Medicine and the Seattle Children’s Research Institute. “The detection of some of these compounds at all is concerning.”

She emphasized the importance of continued formula monitoring and broader food supply oversight.

The Trump administration initiated Operation Stork Speed in March 2025, pledging to examine infant formula safety and quality standards for the first time in decades.

This effort expanded upon earlier FDA investigations into substances like heavy metals in baby foods, which can harm brain development, learning capabilities and behavior in children, Abrams explained.

Currently, the FDA lacks enforceable heavy metal limits for infant formulas, unlike the European Union, Canada and Australia.

Consumer advocacy organizations have pressed the FDA for years to establish concrete contamination limits. Last year, Consumer Reports analyzed 41 American infant formulas and suggested many contained troubling levels of heavy metals and other contaminants.

That analysis applied its own safety standards, setting thresholds far stricter than European Union requirements. The report received widespread attention and caused some parents to abandon commercial formula even when medically necessary, Abrams observed.

Abrams urged the FDA to maintain ongoing formula monitoring and publish findings regularly.

Abbott, among the country’s major formula manufacturers, encouraged the FDA to establish scientific contamination standards for infant formula.

“We believe that producing infant formula at scale in the U.S. is a matter of national security,” Abbott spokesman John Koval said in an email. “These results affirm the safety of our current domestic supply.”

Federal health officials announced Wednesday that comprehensive testing confirms baby formula sold throughout the United States meets safety standards for infant consumption.

The Food and Drug Administration examined over 300 samples from 16 different manufacturers distributed across the country, according to their latest report.

Investigators looked for dangerous substances including heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury, along with pesticides, synthetic chemicals, and phthalates.

Most samples showed either no detectable contamination or extremely minimal levels, federal officials reported.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has been working to minimize chemicals in food products and initiated a comprehensive review of infant formula nutrition standards last year. Earlier this year, federal health authorities documented 28 confirmed cases of infant botulism connected to ByHeart formula through February — marking the first global outbreak of this type linked to baby formula, according to the FDA.

Although contamination levels remained low overall, certain samples required additional examination, the FDA noted. Regulators examined powdered formulas, ready-to-use liquids and concentrated liquid products.

Test results showed mercury was absent in 95% of samples, lead was undetectable in 20% of samples, 99% showed no measurable pesticides and most PFAS chemicals were not found.

Officials also examined a limited number of breast milk samples, discovering that most contained at least one measurable contaminant, while 15% showed no contamination.

Trace amounts of contaminants may occur naturally in food products, including baby formula and breast milk, or may enter through environmental contact during manufacturing processes.

Federal health agencies launched Operation Stork Speed last year, a program designed to verify the quality, safety and nutritional standards of domestically produced infant formula.

The FDA announced it will maintain ongoing testing and release findings from additional surveys, while Secretary Kennedy plans to conduct a roundtable discussion with industry leaders in May.

“Producing infant formula at scale in the U.S. is a matter of national security, and these results affirm the safety of our domestic supply,” Abbott, maker of Similac, said on Wednesday, adding its U.S. formulas meet heavy metal limits set by the EPA, the European Commission and Health Canada.

Advocates for unpasteurized milk are working to expand access to the controversial product nationwide, despite ongoing health concerns and a recent E. coli outbreak that has affected nine people, including several young children.

Legislative efforts supporting raw milk sales have emerged in 18 states during the current session, with more than 40 bills aimed at making unpasteurized dairy products easier to purchase and distribute. Research conducted using bill-tracking software found these measures span both Democratic and Republican-controlled states.

The movement has gained momentum from high-profile supporters and social media campaigns. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. publicly consumed raw milk at the White House last year and has previously vowed to end what he called “aggressive suppression” of the product. Online posts promoting unsubstantiated health benefits of raw milk have increased significantly in recent months.

These developments concern public health authorities, who have consistently cautioned that non-pasteurized dairy can contain harmful bacteria. The latest outbreak, connected to raw milk cheddar cheese produced by California’s Raw Farm, has infected nine individuals with E. coli, with half of those affected being children under age 5.

Current legislative proposals vary in scope. Some bills would authorize human consumption sales in states that currently prohibit it, while others aim to streamline or expand existing legal sales. Over three dozen states already permit raw milk sales for human consumption.

Federal lawmakers are also considering related legislation. A bipartisan House bill would prohibit federal agencies or courts from restricting raw milk transportation between states where sales are already legal.

Donald Schaffner, a food science professor at Rutgers University, warned that increased availability will likely lead to more disease outbreaks.

Medical experts and scientists continue to advise against consuming raw milk. The FDA and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention maintain websites documenting risks of severe illness from bacteria including campylobacter, listeria, salmonella, and E. coli.

CDC data shows more than 200 outbreaks linked to unpasteurized milk between 1998 and 2018, affecting over 2,600 people and resulting in 225 hospitalizations. Additional research indicates raw dairy products cause 840 times more illness and 45 times more hospitalizations compared to pasteurized alternatives.

Children face particular vulnerability to these illnesses due to developing immune systems and frequent milk consumption, according to Alex O’Brien, safety and quality coordinator for the Center for Dairy Research in Madison, Wisconsin. However, adults can also experience severe complications.

Mari Tardiff of Ashland, Oregon, spent five months hospitalized after consuming campylobacter-contaminated raw milk in 2008. Medical professionals diagnosed her with Guillain-Barré syndrome resulting from the bacterial infection. She required ventilator support and experienced temporary paralysis and loss of speech.

“Your whole life is completely blown apart,” Tardiff, now 70, reflected.

Raw milk supporters welcome the increasing availability. Even where retail sales for human consumption remain prohibited, consumers can access products marketed for pets or participate in “herd share” programs where they purchase partial ownership in dairy operations.

Producers emphasize their commitment to safety protocols. Ben Beichler of Creambrook Farm in Middlebrook, Virginia, which operates through herd shares, noted his family’s daily consumption of their own product.

“My family and my wife, who’s currently pregnant, drink about a gallon of our own raw milk every single day,” Beichler explained. “So if there’s anybody who has a vested interest in making sure our milk is safe, it is us.”

Beichler described his 150-cow operation’s safety measures, including veterinary oversight, regular herd inspections, and weekly laboratory testing for common pathogens.

As raw milk gains market presence, stakeholders across the debate increasingly support regulatory frameworks.

“It’s kind of like legalization of weed, right?” Schaffner observed. “If people want it, we should find a way to regulate it and do it safely.”

Advocates for unpasteurized milk are working to expand availability of the controversial product nationwide, despite ongoing health concerns and recent illness outbreaks affecting American children.

The Associated Press discovered that state lawmakers have introduced more than 40 pieces of legislation supporting expanded raw milk access. An increasing number of states are legalizing sales of the product, with dairy producers reporting they struggle to maintain inventory despite prices reaching $10 to $20 per gallon.

High-profile government figures and social media personalities are fueling this trend. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. consumed raw milk at the White House last May and has previously vowed to end what he calls “aggressive suppression” of the product. Social media discussions about unpasteurized milk have increased dramatically in recent months, frequently promoting unsubstantiated health benefit claims.

These developments concern public health authorities, who have consistently cautioned that unpasteurized milk may contain dangerous bacteria. A recent outbreak connected to raw milk cheddar cheese from California’s Raw Farm has infected nine individuals with E. coli, including five children under age 5. One patient developed severe complications that could permanently damage kidney function.

Washington University biology professor Petra Anne Levin questioned the product’s popularity.

“If you wouldn’t lick a cow’s underneath, why would you drink raw milk?” she said. “There’s a reason pasteurization is around.”

The pasteurization process eliminates harmful bacteria by heating milk to at least 161 degrees Fahrenheit for a minimum of 15 seconds. Scientists emphasize this treatment doesn’t significantly affect milk’s nutritional value and has prevented millions of foodborne illnesses.

However, some consumers prefer unpasteurized milk despite known dangers. Both supporters and opponents increasingly advocate for federal oversight of the product.

“People want access,” said Mary McGonigle-Martin, co-chair of Stop Foodborne Illness, a consumer advocacy organization. “Public health has lost the battle on raw milk.”

Eighteen states have introduced pro-raw milk legislation during current sessions, spanning both Democratic and Republican-controlled legislatures.

The AP examined legislation across all states using Plural bill-tracking software, analyzing proposals that expand or simplify access to unpasteurized milk and related products. More than 40 bills introduced through late April would facilitate purchasing, selling, or consuming raw milk.

Several proposals would authorize raw milk sales for human consumption for the first time. New Jersey’s Senate bill would establish a raw milk licensing program.

“You can buy cigarettes. You can buy alcohol. You can buy quote-unquote legalized marijuana,” said Republican state Senator Michael Testa, who sponsors the legislation. “Why shouldn’t someone be able to consume raw milk?”

If enacted, New Jersey would join over three dozen states permitting raw milk sales. Rutgers University food science professor Donald Schaffner predicts broader access will likely increase outbreak frequency.

Additional bills aim to manage or expand existing legal sales. Iowa House legislation would help farmers sell unpasteurized products by allowing sales at farm stores alongside items like meat.

Republican state Representative Chad Ingels, the bill’s sponsor, initially opposed legalizing raw milk due to safety worries.

“But it’s law now, and I’m very pro-local foods,” said Ingels, who expects his current bill to pass. “I just thought it made sense to allow those farm businesses to sell all their products in one location.”

Missouri has two bills permitting unpasteurized dairy sales in grocery stores, farmers’ markets, or similar venues, provided products include warning labels about potential harmful bacteria and herds undergo testing.

“We just want to make it more accessible, so that way, people have the freedom of choice,” said Republican state Representative Bryant Wolfin, who sponsored one proposal.

The legislation specifically references the Raw Milk Institute, defining standards based on the California organization’s guidelines or requiring farms to obtain institute certification.

Raw Farm owner Mark McAfee leads the organization, which claims to improve raw milk safety and quality. While Wolfin supports this approach, Schaffner argues the institute emphasizes advocacy over risk management, noting McAfee’s farm has been connected to multiple outbreaks.

The number of raw milk bills that will pass this year remains uncertain, but federal legislation is also under consideration.

A bipartisan House bill would prevent federal agencies or courts from restricting raw milk movement between states where sales are legal. Kentucky Republican Thomas Massie and Maine Democrat Chellie Pingree introduced the Interstate Milk Freedom Act in March.

Legal experts say the federal government could take additional steps to increase raw milk availability regardless of congressional action. The FDA could eliminate interstate sales restrictions or establish national standards while encouraging state enforcement.

FDA officials didn’t respond to inquiries about the likelihood of such measures.

Despite raw milk’s growing popularity, scientists and public health professionals advise against consumption. FDA and CDC websites document serious illness risks from various bacteria, including campylobacter, listeria, salmonella, and E. coli.

CDC research identified more than 200 raw milk-related outbreaks between 1998 and 2018, sickening over 2,600 people and hospitalizing 225 individuals.

Separate analysis revealed raw dairy products cause 840 times more illnesses and 45 times more hospitalizations compared to pasteurized alternatives.

Alex O’Brien, food safety coordinator for Wisconsin’s Center for Dairy Research, explained that children face particular vulnerability due to developing immune systems and frequent milk consumption.

Before milk safety standards were implemented over a century ago, approximately 25% of American foodborne illnesses involved dairy consumption, O’Brien noted. Currently, dairy products account for roughly 1% of such illnesses. Historical research shows 19th-century infant mortality rates were 30-60 times higher than today, with thousands dying annually from “summer diarrhea” primarily caused by heat-worsened bacterial milk contamination.

O’Brien, who grew up on a farm and has consumed raw milk, said drinking it once might not cause harm, but risks increase with repeated exposure.

Consumer advocate Martin believes understanding raw milk risks has become more challenging in today’s political environment.

“They can’t grasp it, or they think it’s so rare it won’t happen to them,” she said.

Martin’s son Chris nearly died in 2006 after consuming E. coli-contaminated raw milk from Organic Pastures, Raw Farm’s former name. For two decades, Martin has worked to educate people about dangers and hold suppliers responsible.

Mari Tardiff of Ashland, Oregon, spent five months hospitalized after drinking campylobacter-contaminated raw milk in 2008, seeking what she called “a natural probiotic.”

Doctors diagnosed Tardiff with Guillain-Barré syndrome from her campylobacter infection. She required ventilator support, experienced temporary paralysis and speech loss, and later used a wheelchair and hospital bed at home, needing her husband’s help turning every two hours to prevent pressure sores.

“Your whole life is completely blown apart,” she said.

Despite her experience, the 70-year-old said she wouldn’t advise other adults about raw milk consumption, though she worries about children receiving it.

“If you make a mistake, it’s one thing to come to terms with when you’re the one dealing with the consequences,” Tardiff said. “But holy moly … if I did something like that and one of my kids or my grandchildren was going through what I went through, I would never forgive myself.”

Raw milk supporters celebrate increasing availability. Even where retail sales for human consumption are prohibited, consumers can purchase products marketed for pets or join “herd share” programs that provide partial dairy herd ownership.

“I’ve been involved in raw milk for roughly 14 years,” said Ben Beichler of Creambrook Farm in Middlebrook, Virginia, which operates through herd shares. “To see how public perception and political perception has altered over the years with raw milk is quite exciting.”

Beichler emphasized safety as paramount.

“My family and my wife, who’s currently pregnant, drink about a gallon of our own raw milk every single day,” he said. “So if there’s anybody who has a vested interest in making sure our milk is safe, it is us.”

Beichler’s 150-cow operation works with veterinarians for regular herd examinations and maintains safety protocols including weekly laboratory testing for common bacteria.

In Foristell, Missouri, Tony Huffstutter said his family conducts daily bacterial testing in an on-site laboratory at Twisted Ash Farm & Dairy, where they maintain 15 cows and sell raw milk for $29 per gallon.

“You can’t just go out there, throw a bucket under the cow and start milking it,” he said. “There are so many steps in doing it right.”

He argued raw milk shouldn’t be regulated differently from other natural products like spinach, which has caused previous foodborne outbreaks.

“They don’t pasteurize the salad,” he said. “They don’t force you to only buy cooked salad.”

With raw milk gaining ground, Martin believes FDA regulation as strict as pasteurized dairy oversight might be the best approach.

McAfee agrees. “High standards and testing should be part of that,” he said.

Food safety expert Schaffner also supports regulation. While he has serious concerns about giving raw milk to children, he describes himself as “a raw milk libertarian” regarding adult consumption.

“It’s kind of like legalization of weed, right?” he said. “If people want it, we should find a way to regulate it and do it safely.”

However, he noted there’s already a reliable method for making raw milk safe.

“It’s called pasteurization,” he said. “And it works really well.”

Health centers treating HIV patients across Senegal are experiencing a significant decline in visits as widespread arrests of LGBTQ individuals create fear among those seeking care, according to health officials and government records obtained by Reuters.

The West African nation recently strengthened its anti-LGBTQ legislation, extending maximum prison sentences for same-sex relationships from five to 10 years. Officials also established penalties of up to 10 million CFA francs ($18,000) for promoting such activities, despite homosexuality already being prohibited in the country.

Since early February, when President Bassirou Diomaye Faye’s administration began preparing the enhanced legislation, human rights advocates and news organizations report that 86 individuals have been detained. A particularly large operation on April 19 resulted in 18 arrests in Linguere, located 186 miles northeast of the capital Dakar.

Two people have already been convicted under the strengthened legislation.

Authorities have charged those detained with “acts against nature,” with some facing additional accusations of intentionally transmitting HIV to others. Government officials have not confirmed the total number of people arrested.

Information from Senegal’s National Council for the Fight Against AIDS (CNLS) indicates that patients are avoiding essential antiretroviral medications that both treat HIV and prevent transmission, driven by concerns about potential arrest or mistreatment.

Government representatives, police officials, and lawmakers who supported the legislation did not respond to requests for comment.

Dr Safiatou Thiam, who previously served as health minister and currently leads CNLS, noted that some Senegalese news organizations have taken the unprecedented step of publishing complete names and HIV status information of arrested individuals, potentially exposing them to additional discrimination and harm.

“We certainly fear, and this has been confirmed, that this wave of arrests will have repercussions for our work,” she stated, emphasizing that healthcare providers remain dedicated to protecting patient privacy and encouraging law enforcement to follow similar practices.

According to UNAIDS data, Senegal stands among only four nations in West and Central Africa where new HIV cases have increased in recent years.

A community health worker who previously distributed HIV testing materials and prevention resources in Dakar now remains confined to their home out of fear.

“I don’t dare leave the house anymore, so I’m literally holed up inside. I double-lock all the doors and windows just to avoid being found,” the worker said, requesting anonymity due to safety concerns.

“I’m afraid there will be more deaths related to HIV… people will be afraid to show or keep their medication. Some won’t even want to continue their treatment for fear of being seen or associated with it.”

Reuters previously reported that Senegalese supporters of the anti-LGBTQ legislation coordinated with a U.S.-based “pro-family” organization that characterizes homosexuality as a public health risk.

CNLS surveyed 22 HIV treatment facilities over three days in late February, following concerns that the arrests would reduce HIV testing and disrupt ongoing treatment programs.

Survey results revealed that 1,803 patients received care in February, compared to 2,425 in January – representing a 25.6% decrease.

Additional interviews conducted by CNLS with more than 50 men who have sex with men revealed they were staying away from treatment sites due to fears of being reported, arrested, or experiencing verbal and physical abuse.

Dr. Cheikh Bamba Dieye, who heads the research division at CNLS, confirmed that the unpublished findings clearly demonstrate a connection between the arrests and reduced patient numbers.

While Senegal’s overall HIV rate of 0.3% remains much lower than the most affected countries in southern Africa, new infections have risen by 36% from 2010 to 2024, according to UNAIDS statistics.

When patients discontinue treatment, the virus becomes more easily transmissible to others.

HIV cases in Senegal are primarily concentrated among key populations, particularly men who have sex with men, where government data shows a prevalence rate of 27.6%.

The World Health Organization has recently cautioned about emerging HIV outbreaks among men who have sex with men and has called on governments to eliminate punitive legislation, decrease discrimination, and combat anti-LGBTQ violence.

Responding to Senegal’s new law, UNAIDS stated: “Evidence shows that criminalization causes people to turn away from health services.”

While the HIV treatment centers surveyed by CNLS provide care to all HIV patients, certain groups appear more likely to experience treatment interruptions.

The National Alliance Against AIDS (ANCS), an organization serving key populations, sent a February 23 email to partners announcing it was “suspending interventions aimed at the groups most exposed to HIV/AIDS, in particular MSM and transgender people.”

The message, reviewed by Reuters, cited “the difficult working environment” created by the arrests as the reason for this decision.

The new legislation includes language stating that health organization activities will not be considered illegal.

While some men who have sex with men have relocated to neighboring countries including Mauritania, Gambia, and Ivory Coast, others who remain in Senegal have adopted a low-visibility approach.

“We’ve seen a lot of people lost to follow-up care in hospitals because they think, ‘as soon as I go to a hospital to pick up my medication, I’ll be labeled a homosexual’,” explained the community health worker.

“I’m exhausted, emotionally and physically. It’s draining me, and I expect to be arrested at any moment – for helping my community access healthcare, for creating an organization that works for the well-being of LGBTQ people… and simply because I’m gay.”

A legal dispute heading to the Supreme Court could have major implications for prescription drug prices nationwide, potentially making medications more expensive for patients everywhere.

The nation’s highest court is preparing to consider the case Hikma v. Amarin, which involves a patent dispute over fish oil medications. Legal experts warn that the outcome could fundamentally change how generic pharmaceutical companies conduct their business operations.

The case represents a broader battle over drug patent rights that could determine whether patients will face higher costs at the pharmacy counter. Generic drug manufacturers are closely watching the proceedings, as the decision may reshape their ability to bring lower-cost alternatives to market.

While the dispute specifically involves fish oil-based medications, the ruling’s effects could extend far beyond that single category of drugs, potentially impacting the entire pharmaceutical industry’s approach to patent challenges and generic competition.

When race cars zoom around tracks at 200 miles per hour, drivers need powerful neck muscles to maintain focus and control. This physical demand has made neck conditioning a cornerstone of Formula 1 training programs.

As drivers prepare for Sunday’s Miami Grand Prix, many will pack specialized equipment designed to strengthen their necks. These athletes use weighted harnesses and intensive body-weight exercises to keep their heads stable while experiencing forces up to five times stronger than gravity during high-speed turns.

While office workers don’t face such extreme conditions, sports medicine expert Dr. Neeru Jayanthi from Atlanta believes F1 training methods could address a growing problem among computer users. Simple changes like improving screen posture and incorporating neck-focused workouts might reduce discomfort for people suffering from what’s commonly called ‘tech neck.’

Performance coach Antti Kontsas, who trained four-time F1 champion Sebastian Vettel and other racing stars, acknowledges the difference in requirements. “Does a normal person need to have a neck like an F1 driver? Probably not,” Kontsas said.

However, he told The Associated Press that “the healthy foundations are the same for the normal person and for the driver. Where you would start is exactly the same.”

Safety remains paramount when attempting any neck conditioning program. Medical consultation is essential, particularly for individuals with previous injuries or unexplained neck discomfort. Understanding personal limitations is crucial before beginning any exercise routine.

“It’s just knowing the loading, exposing gradually. That’s the safe way to progress,” Kontsas explains.

Modern F1 has evolved dramatically from earlier eras when drivers would smoke and drink before races. By the 1990s, seven-time champion Michael Schumacher from Germany demonstrated how cardiovascular fitness and strength training contributed to success, understanding that exhaustion leads to costly errors.

Kontsas emphasizes including neck muscles, or the cervical spine, when developing back and core exercise routines. Simple movements like maintaining head alignment during side planks can provide benefits. Another basic exercise involves lying flat.

“The most simple thing is lying on your back on a bench with your head hanging and then holding your head in a complete horizontal line. You’re holding your head still and seeing how long you can hold that. That’s a good way to train, particularly, the front musculature,” Kontsas said.

Professional drivers advance to resistance bands or weighted head harnesses for increased difficulty. The time commitment remains manageable – even F1 competitors typically dedicate just 10 to 15 minutes per session, two or three times weekly, according to Kontsas.

For desk workers, better neck health begins with posture awareness and simple movements like chin tucks to counter forward head positioning while viewing screens.

Jayanthi explains that ‘computer neck,’ which triggers pain in the neck, shoulders, and back, develops when “your head sits in different positions off the spine” during work.

“You sit in front of the computer for two, three, four hours, and you never realize that your head was in the wrong position the entire time,” he said. “So we can go back to positioning our neck and actually doing chin tucks and isometrics to push your head in the correct position on the spine. Just remind yourself every 30 to 60 minutes.”

Research suggests neck and trunk strength benefits extend beyond comfort, Jayanthi notes. Neck conditioning represents “one of the most accessible, least expensive” approaches for concussion recovery and prevention. Similarly, spinal strength can predict injury prevention in tennis players.

While measuring fitness impact on driving performance proves difficult, the prominence of Angela Cullen, seven-time champion Lewis Hamilton’s longtime personal physiotherapist, highlights the importance of physical preparation in Formula 1’s recent history.

The physical demands can overwhelm newcomers to elite racing. British driver Oliver Bearman, 18, made his F1 debut in 2024 with just two days’ notice, replacing Ferrari’s Carlos Sainz Jr. after emergency surgery. Despite fitness from Formula 2 competition, the F1 experience proved overwhelming.

When asked about his post-race condition, Bearman responded: “Destroyed.”

“Physically it was a really difficult race. … I think especially my lower back and my neck, it’s hurting,” Bearman added.

Federal health officials are actively recruiting new members for a critical medical advisory group that determines which preventive healthcare services Americans receive without charge.

The Department of Health and Human Services announced Tuesday it is accepting nominations for the Preventive Services Task Force, which has remained largely dormant for more than twelve months. The panel, normally composed of 16 healthcare professionals, has been operating with significant gaps after five volunteer positions became vacant in December.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. recently criticized the group’s performance during congressional testimony earlier this month, stating: “That task force has been lackadaisical. It’s not been doing its job.”

Federal officials are specifically looking for medical professionals and researchers from various fields including heart specialists, cancer doctors, women’s health physicians, children’s doctors, family practitioners, and health economics experts. Those interested in submitting nominations have until May 23 to apply.

Healthcare professionals have expressed concern that the panel’s inactivity has created significant delays in updating important medical screening recommendations for cancer detection, cardiovascular disease prevention, and other vital health conditions.

The task force’s recommendations directly impact insurance coverage decisions, determining which preventive services must be offered to patients at no additional cost under current healthcare laws.

The well-known Ghirardelli Chocolate Company, based in San Leandro, California, has issued a voluntary recall of specific powdered drink mixes over concerns they may contain salmonella bacteria.

The company’s decision to pull these products comes after California Dairies, Inc. recalled milk powder ingredients due to potential salmonella contamination issues.

Salmonella contamination can pose serious health risks to consumers, particularly vulnerable populations such as young children, elderly individuals, and those with compromised immune systems.

Customers who have purchased the affected Ghirardelli powdered beverage products are advised to stop using them immediately and contact the company for further instructions.

A comprehensive investigation has uncovered how companies previously focused on boarding schools for wealthy troubled teens have shifted their attention to a vulnerable new market: adopted children.

Despite representing only 2% of children nationwide, adopted youth comprise an estimated 25-40% of those placed in the loosely regulated network of for-profit residential treatment facilities, wilderness programs, and boarding schools that experts call the “troubled teen industry.”

Former residents shared with investigators their belief that they became trapped in what amounts to a hidden orphanage system, where children face the exact outcome adoption was meant to prevent — instead of permanent loving homes, they found themselves warehoused for years in harsh and sometimes abusive institutions.

Former participants described these programs as prison-like environments, despite having committed no crimes and facing no formal sentences or judicial oversight. Parents typically make unilateral decisions about sending children away and determining the length of their stay.

Investigators spoke with numerous program participants, families, former staff members, government officials, lawyers and specialists, while reviewing hundreds of official documents and business records to understand how adopted children end up in these facilities despite their troubling histories.

These institutions command fees reaching $20,000 monthly by marketing themselves as specialists in treating adopted children for reactive attachment disorder, commonly known as RAD. They present themselves as solutions for overwhelmed adoptive parents, claiming children’s behavioral issues stem from an inability to form healthy relationships with caregivers that can be corrected through distant treatment.

However, mental health professionals assert that most teenagers in these facilities likely don’t suffer from RAD, and the treatments provided wouldn’t address the condition even if they did have it.

According to Brian Allen, a psychologist who directs the mental health program at Penn State’s Center for the Protection of Children, the diagnosis applies to young children who experienced such severe early neglect that forming bonds with caregivers becomes difficult.

Allen explained that the condition was originally identified in severely understaffed foreign orphanages where infants received minimal human contact or affection. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders specifies it affects children under 5 who become so emotionally withdrawn they don’t seek comfort when frightened or upset. The condition is exceptionally uncommon and doesn’t apply to older children who experienced early neglect but exhibit behavioral problems years later.

Yet some practitioners broadly apply RAD diagnoses to virtually any adopted pre-teen or teenager displaying behavioral challenges, Allen noted. His clinic examined 100 adopted and foster children referred for treatment and found that while roughly 40% had received RAD diagnoses, none actually met the clinical criteria.

Allen advocates removing RAD from official diagnostic manuals, arguing the diagnosis has become too “corrupted.” Nevertheless, numerous facilities continue advertising RAD treatment services.

“Often what sweeps in is this overpromise, a very seductive promise from residential treatment centers,” explained Sloan Nova, a University of California San Francisco psychologist who was adopted from South Korea in the 1980s and later placed in a treatment facility as a teenager.

“So it just sounds almost too good to be true.”

The investigation identified significant financial incentives driving the targeting of distressed adopted children. Researchers found at least 80 private facilities marketing services for adoption-related issues.

Many operations began as small programs using behavioral modification methods historically based on Christian principles, according to experts. Today, public and private investment firms attracted by substantial profit potential and steady client flow have been purchasing centers and commercializing treatment approaches.

This dependable revenue stream enables investors to enter “into these markets risk free,” according to Raj Kumar, a healthcare analyst at financial services firm Stephens.

Kumar noted that residential treatment centers promise attractive 20% profit margins by minimizing staff expenses and maximizing treatment duration. This approach succeeds partly because these facilities face far fewer regulations than other residential healthcare settings like nursing homes.

Family Help & Wellness, a private equity-backed company operating more than a dozen facilities nationwide, currently faces multiple abuse-related lawsuits.

In a statement, the company said its programs operate independently and that it supports stronger industry regulations while working to enhance oversight and improve care quality aligned with current best practices.

“The safety, well-being, and long-term success of every young person and family are our priority,” the company stated. “We recognize this is an area of increasing public attention and scrutiny, understandably so, given the real impact on young lives.”

The consequences can be severe: Two of the company’s North Carolina facilities closed in the past two years following student deaths.

Kate, whose full name is being withheld due to her status as a sexual assault victim, spent most of her adolescence in institutions, including two later acquired by Family Help & Wellness. She reports being sexually assaulted by another student at Asheville Academy before transfer to Utah’s Uinta Academy.

Kate was 13 upon arriving at Uinta Academy. During her first night, she experienced a panic attack when her roommate extinguished her night light. She had feared darkness since the assault at her previous facility and ran to curl up while crying and hyperventilating.

Three staff members approached her, but instead of offering comfort, they forced her face-down onto the carpet while shouting that she was “OIC” — “out of instructional control.” For approximately an hour, they restrained her with one person on each arm and a third holding her legs.

Kate described screaming “I can’t breathe” as mucus ran from her nose. Eventually she fell silent from exhaustion and was released to sleep without her night light.

Students were required to follow all instructions without question while maintaining neutral facial expressions — no sighing, frowning, or crying permitted. Rule violations resulted in hours of scrubbing floors with toothbrushes while kneeling, or outdoor labor in 100-degree heat raking moldy hay and pulling weeds. The smell of freshly pulled weeds continues to nauseate her.

“We were afraid all of the time,” she recalled.

Her experience reflects broader patterns documented in a congressional investigation led by U.S. Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon, which found that facilities nationwide suffered from chronic understaffing leading to inappropriate physical restraints, inadequate mental healthcare, and widespread physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The report, titled “Warehouses of Neglect,” detailed pervasive use of improper restraints, insufficient mental health services, and extensive abuse.

The investigation concluded that these facilities often operated more like detention centers for troubled youth rather than therapeutic environments where vulnerable children could heal.

German pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelberg announced Tuesday that their investigational weight loss medication achieved remarkable results in a major clinical study, with participants shedding an average of 16.6% of their body weight.

The comprehensive Phase III clinical trial tracked patients for 76 weeks and found those receiving survodutide experienced substantial weight reduction compared to just 3.2% weight loss among participants who received a placebo treatment.

The study focused on adults who were either obese or overweight but did not have type 2 diabetes as a complicating factor.

The German pharmaceutical giant obtained exclusive development and marketing rights for survodutide in 2011 through an agreement with Denmark-based Zealand Pharma, which will receive royalty payments from worldwide sales of the drug.

Complete findings from the Phase III study, designated as SYNCHRONIZE-1, are scheduled to be unveiled at the American Diabetes Association’s 2026 Scientific Sessions conference, taking place June 5-8.

The medication works by copying the effects of GLP-1, an appetite-reducing hormone found in the digestive system that is also targeted by injection treatments like Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy. However, survodutide also mimics glucagon, another digestive hormone, creating a dual-action approach that researchers believe may enhance weight reduction results.

Another pharmaceutical company, Altimmune, is also working on a treatment that harnesses these same two hormone pathways.

Earlier this year, survodutide showed encouraging results in middle-stage trials for treating fatty liver disease, also called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis or MASH.

The pharmaceutical giant responsible for manufacturing OxyContin stands on the brink of dissolution this week as a sweeping legal agreement addressing thousands of lawsuits nears implementation.

On Tuesday, a federal judge is anticipated to hand down criminal penalties against the company, fulfilling the final requirement needed for the comprehensive settlement to move forward following a Department of Justice investigation.

However, individuals who have struggled with opioid addiction or mourned family members lost to these substances plan to urge the judge to reject the negotiated penalties, claiming the agreement fails to deliver genuine accountability.

The Connecticut-based pharmaceutical company struck an agreement with federal prosecutors in 2020 to settle both criminal and civil investigations it was confronting.

Purdue acknowledged it lacked adequate safeguards to prevent its potent prescription pain medications from reaching illegal markets, despite assuring the Drug Enforcement Administration otherwise.

The company also confessed to compensating physicians through speaker programs to promote prescriptions and funding an electronic health records firm to provide doctors with patient data that promoted increased opioid prescribing.

Criminal charges were filed solely against the corporation, not against individual executives.

The corporate admission of guilt and civil resolution with federal authorities carried $8.3 billion in asset forfeitures, financial penalties and fines. However, federal officials agreed through negotiations to accept only $225 million in return for the company securing a separate resolution to thousands of legal claims from state, municipal and tribal governments, plus additional organizations.

Following years of complex legal proceedings and over $1 billion in attorney and professional costs for all parties involved, a bankruptcy court judge gave approval to the broader agreement in November.

Implementation cannot proceed until criminal penalties are imposed. Federal District Judge Madeline Cox Arleo has scheduled consideration for Tuesday at a Newark, New Jersey courthouse.

Judge Arleo had initially planned to conduct last week’s sentencing through video conference exclusively.

Individuals affected by the opioid epidemic, which has contributed to over 900,000 fatalities nationwide since 1999, were set to deliver victim impact testimony.

The judge postponed proceedings after several dozen protesters—including those with addiction histories and bereaved family members—demonstrated outside the courthouse. She explained her desire to provide them an opportunity to speak and announced a one-week delay while offering in-person attendance options.

Over 54,000 individuals with personal injury claims supported the litigation settlement, while approximately 200 opposed it.

Critics have maintained vocal and persistent opposition.

Michele Wagner, whose son died from an overdose, expressed outside the courthouse last week her desire to see Sackler family members who control Purdue face criminal prosecution. “Justice to me looks like more than just money,” she said.

Kara Trainor, who is recovering from addiction that started with an OxyContin prescription in 2002 and participated on a settlement committee, supports approving the sentence because she believes it can provide resolution.

“For me to be the best version of myself in my own recovery, I had to start healing and gravitate away from the anger I felt,” she said. “The anger itself was poisonous to me. It was destroying my mental health.”

According to Purdue, if the judge delivers the criminal sentence Tuesday, the settlement could become effective by Friday.

The agreement requires Sackler family owners to provide up to $7 billion across 15 years. The majority of funds will support government efforts to combat the opioid crisis.

This represents one of the largest among numerous recent settlements involving drug manufacturers, distributors and pharmacies—and the only significant agreement including compensation for individual victims or their families.

Individual victim payments are projected to range between approximately $8,000 and $16,000.

Collectively, these settlements total more than $50 billion, with most funding designated to address the overdose crisis.

The Purdue agreement would protect Sackler family members from opioid-related litigation by those accepting payments. Family members withdrew approximately $10.7 billion from the company between 2008 and 2018, though they claim nearly half went toward business tax obligations.

Under settlement terms, Purdue would dissolve and transform into Knoa Pharma, a new entity with state-appointed leadership focused on addressing the opioid crisis. Millions of internal company documents will become publicly available.

Sackler family members have also committed not to challenge removal of their names from museums and other institutions they have funded.

Federal health regulators announced Monday their intention to revoke approval for a medication manufactured by Amgen that treats uncommon autoimmune conditions, following discoveries of serious safety issues and questionable approval processes.

The Food and Drug Administration’s drug evaluation division determined the medication, known as Tavneos, failed to demonstrate adequate effectiveness while also containing false information in its original approval submission.

Safety concerns escalated in March when federal investigators documented 76 instances of liver damage potentially linked to the medication. Among these cases, seven patients developed vanishing bile duct syndrome, a serious condition that can result in irreversible liver harm. Tragically, eight fatalities occurred within this group of affected patients.

The proposed withdrawal represents a significant regulatory action against the pharmaceutical company, highlighting ongoing concerns about drug safety monitoring and approval processes for treatments targeting rare medical conditions.

Federal health authorities are reporting a concerning outbreak of salmonella infections connected to backyard chickens and other poultry, with 34 confirmed cases across 13 states showing troubling resistance to standard antibiotic treatments.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that the infections occurred between February 26 and March 31, resulting in 13 hospitalizations. Patients range from 1 to 78 years old, though children under age 5 represent more than 40% of those affected.

Cases have emerged in Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin and West Virginia. Health officials warn additional cases may surface in other states as investigations continue.

Birds such as chickens, ducks, geese, guinea fowl and turkeys can harbor salmonella bacteria that causes human illness. Nearly 80% of patients interviewed had been in contact with backyard poultry, and over 90% of poultry owners had acquired their birds since January from sources including farm supply retailers.

Laboratory testing reveals bacterial samples from all 34 patients show potential resistance to at least one standard salmonella treatment drug. Some samples demonstrated resistance to four additional commonly prescribed antibiotics. When infections cannot respond to antibiotic therapy, patients face increased risk of severe complications or death.

This represents the latest in a series of similar outbreaks investigated by the CDC in recent years. A 2025 outbreak affected more than 500 individuals across 48 states, hospitalizing 125 people and causing two fatalities.

Young children, elderly adults and individuals with compromised immune systems face the highest risk of severe illness from these bacteria. Health officials emphasize thorough handwashing after handling poultry, their feed or equipment as the most effective prevention method. The CDC strongly advises against kissing or cuddling backyard birds.

Elias Shimon still feels overwhelmed when reflecting on his combat service in Gaza following the October 7 attacks.

The 29-year-old reservist with the Paratroopers Brigade participated in multiple combat operations against Hamas, fighting alongside fellow soldiers he described as courageous and strong, several of whom lost their lives in the conflict.

Shimon recalled engaging the enemy “under intense fire.”

While he didn’t receive a formal PTSD diagnosis, Shimon acknowledged that his combat experience fundamentally altered him, as it has countless other Israelis.

“As Israelis, it is one event after another, one tragedy after another,” Shimon told The Media Line. “We have been at war for almost three years. People cannot even begin to understand what we went through and how much we need to stop and deal with ourselves before we go on.”

Looking for an opportunity to work through his experiences, Shimon traveled to Montana through an initiative operated by Healing in Nature (HiN), an Israeli nonprofit organization that assists Israel Defense Forces combat veterans by providing therapeutic experiences in peaceful, natural environments throughout the United States. The initiative also uses cutting-edge research techniques and technology to establish a comprehensive healing atmosphere.

During his Montana retreat, Shimon spent 10 days in comparative solitude, removed from everyday stresses and responsibilities.

His experience included equestrian activities, cold water immersion, breathing techniques, and athletic pursuits, alongside consultations with licensed psychiatrists and social workers.

“We started a healing process,” Shimon said.

Co-founders Omri Barkin and Roei Friedberg established HiN to assist Israeli combat veterans in healing, reconnecting, and reconstructing their lives using natural environments, technology, and community support. The initiative combines nature-focused therapy, comprehensive healing methods, advanced research, and practical coping strategies.

According to Barkin, each participant undergoes an extensive months-long screening process that starts with a comprehensive one-hour questionnaire to collect preliminary information. After completing this assessment, participants engage in an evaluation conversation with one of HiN’s professionals to better understand their background and confirm the retreat’s appropriateness.

“We’re going to places that are so remote, so far away, we want to ensure the safety of the participants,” Barkin explained.

After initial screening, participants meet with a therapist for a preliminary session. They then participate in a comprehensive evaluation day at Tel Aviv University. This approximately four-hour session incorporates questionnaires, eye-tracking technology, and additional biofeedback measurements to better understand each participant and customize the program accordingly.

“That all happens before the 10-day retreat,” Barkin added. “When they return to Israel, they go through another evaluation day at Tel Aviv University. That one is about a month after their return.”

Participants typically come from the same military unit or share comparable combat backgrounds, even if they served in different capacities. For instance, a group might consist of lieutenant colonels who served in Gaza or Lebanon.

“It is important to create that organic feeling before they go on the retreat, so they can feel as comfortable as they can during the retreat,” he told The Media Line.

Program activities differ but primarily take place outdoors and encompass fishing, hiking, swimming in rivers or therapeutic springs, and peaceful reading near water.

“We start every morning with our alternative therapist for mind-body work,” Barkin said, noting that participants also engage in cold-water exposure, Tai Chi, and journaling. Group sessions with professionals including social workers and psychologists are also conducted.

A distinctive aspect of the program is what Barkin terms “organized free time,” where participants can choose their activities, provided they remain outdoors.

“I want them to be outside … in nature as much as they can,” Barkin added.

Many retreat locations are so isolated that cellular service and internet access are unavailable, enabling participants to completely disconnect without interruptions. Each evening, the group gathers to discuss the day’s experiences and complete brief feedback surveys.

What distinguishes HiN, according to Barkin, is not just the natural environment but also the scientific foundation of the program. Beyond the pre- and post-retreat assessments, participants engage in several months of continued monitoring. This involves responding to brief questionnaires three times daily for two weeks before and after the program to help researchers monitor their responses and progress following the retreat, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the tools provided.

Upon program completion, participants have a final summary conversation with their therapist.

“The main goal is really to check in on the participants to make sure they all return home in a good way,” Barkin said.

After all data collection is complete, information is compiled and forwarded to HiN researchers at Tel Aviv and Cambridge universities for examination. Several months later, participants receive individualized reports showing their progress compared to their initial assessment.

“We understand that creating a long-lasting effect is important,” Barkin said, explaining that HiN maintains an alumni network that remains connected and provides support to members, particularly when soldiers are recalled for reserve service.

Nimrod Hertz serves as HiN’s principal researcher. He explained to The Media Line that comprehensive research already demonstrates nature’s ability to provide a peaceful environment for recovery, and can help diminish hyperarousal and other trauma-related symptoms. He said the team expands upon this existing knowledge, along with research on the advantages of stepping away from routine life, and providing people space to heal by eliminating environmental stress factors.

“The premise was that there are a lot of great mental health initiatives in Israel aimed at veterans, especially workshops that focus on processing combat experiences,” Hertz explained. “The problem is that we don’t have enough evidence and scientific measurement to actually show, first of all, that these sorts of projects and programs are effective, and also we don’t have enough data showing the ways in which they are effective, meaning what the direct effects that these programs have are. What we wanted to do here is use science.”

Hertz explained that the research enables the team not only to better customize the program for participants’ requirements but also to refine and enhance it over time as additional information becomes available.

“We also believe that combining science gives us the opportunity to also use what we do in order to communicate knowledge further so that the effects of the program will not be just for the participants but also other people, the scientific community, the clinical community, the therapeutic community, not only in Israel but around the world. We see this as an opportunity to expand the effects beyond the program itself.”

Participants are monitored for approximately six months, spanning the period before and after the retreat. One significant discovery, according to Hertz, is that initial trauma responses don’t necessarily indicate long-term outcomes. In certain instances, symptoms naturally diminish over time.

“It very much resembles the entire clinical thinking or diagnostic thinking of trauma, where you don’t diagnose trauma over the first month because you know that in the first month, you can have a lot of different reactions that then can either relax over time or maybe they remain fixed, and then you develop PTSD,” he told The Media Line.

Hertz, working with other researchers from Israel, the UK, and the United States, published findings in the journal Elsevier demonstrating that some individuals who initially presented in severe condition improved over time without intervention.

“Which means sometimes that even if someone comes back and you are very concerned about them, so of course give them your attention, monitor them, make sure that you are there for them, but also hold the place in your mind to sort of wait and see if it naturally relaxes because it often happens. We also sometimes see the opposite trajectory, that people who started very low in terms of symptom severity all of a sudden are exacerbated over those two months.”

The team also examines how trauma impacts attention, observing that people frequently become more hypervigilant and develop increased sensitivity to potential dangers.

To better comprehend these reactions, researchers combine standard questionnaires with sophisticated tools. Artificial intelligence is integrated into clinical interviews, and facial recognition technology is utilized to evaluate biological indicators. This information is then examined alongside the content of participants’ interviews.

“For example, if a person is sharing an anecdote from their service and then we detect, for example, a heightened heart rate when they’re talking about it, it gives us a clue that this might be a trigger for that person, and even if that person doesn’t tell it as such or does not admit it,” Hertz said.

“One message that we want to send out is about the importance of being evidence-based and of measurement,” Hertz added.

He emphasized another crucial point is the necessity to differentiate between experiencing trauma and developing PTSD.

“There are traumatic exposures, and this by itself has an effect on people. It doesn’t need to qualify all the way to a full-blown post-traumatic stress to be distressing,” he said.

Barkin explained to The Media Line that he initially conceived the idea for HiN in 2016 following his participation in Operation Protective Edge. Though he sustained no physical injuries and didn’t develop PTSD, he said his father observed that he was having difficulties.

He eventually traveled in 2016 to visit family friends, the Wallis family of Missouri, who own a ranch in Montana. The visit proved profoundly therapeutic and motivated him to help others similarly. However, at that time, he was uncertain how to bring a group of reservists from Tel Aviv to Montana.

This changed following October 7. When his unit deployed to Gaza and he couldn’t participate due to a medical condition, he felt driven to take action. One month after the attack, he collaborated with Friedberg, who now chairs HiN, and together they decided to make the concept a reality. The Wallis family also joined the effort, providing their location and initial financing. The complete program costs approximately $10,000 per soldier.

Shortly afterward, the Jewish Federations of St. Louis, Minneapolis, Atlanta, and other private contributors became involved.

The initial group consisted of 15 reservists. Since then, over 100 have participated, and the waiting list has expanded to more than 600.

HiN doesn’t need to promote the program due to high demand. Barkin explained that the team carefully selects participants to maximize the program’s impact. The objective is to reach soldiers from underserved units and support them early, before symptoms deteriorate or create a broader community burden.

“The sooner we provide them with help and the tools that they need in order to heal, the better off our country is going to be in the long term,” he told The Media Line. “History will judge if we did it properly or not.”

He added, “I’m just trying to do my little good in this world.”

Shimon recognized that recovering from his wartime service is an ongoing process, but said HiN provided a crucial foundation.

“The Healing in Nature journey did not only help me with what I went through in Gaza, but in general,” he told The Media Line. “The program helped us look at our service and everything we have gone through in our lives and gave us space to talk … and leave the pain behind.”

He said he continues applying the techniques he learned from the program in his everyday life.

“I am building a better life and developing more and more as a person,” Shimon concluded. “I am a much better person than I was before I started the HiN journey.”

Health authorities in South Carolina announced Monday that the state’s devastating measles outbreak has officially concluded, marking the end of what became the nation’s most severe outbreak in more than three decades.

The declaration came after South Carolina reached the 42-day milestone on Sunday without any new cases connected to the outbreak. Since the crisis began in October, a total of 997 individuals contracted the highly preventable disease, with at least 21 requiring hospital care according to voluntary state reporting. Officials estimate the response efforts carried a price tag of $2.1 million.

“The outbreak was predominantly contained to one area of one county and never went statewide, thanks to timely investigations, identification of those exposed, and people’s willingness to stay home,” stated Dr. Edward Simmer, who serves as interim director of the South Carolina Department of Public Health.

Among the most infectious viruses in medical science, measles typically causes high fever, cough, runny nose and a distinctive rash, with most patients making full recoveries. However, vulnerable populations including very young children and immunocompromised individuals face serious risks including pneumonia, brain inflammation or death. The disease can also trigger long-term health complications for survivors. Two doses of the measles vaccine provide 97% protection and are considered safe.

The outbreak primarily affected northwestern Spartanburg County and represented the fastest-spreading measles crisis the United States has witnessed in recent decades, according to state health authorities. Public health workers documented over 650 cases during January alone, rapidly surpassing the 2025 West Texas outbreak that infected at least 762 people and claimed the lives of two school-aged children.

However, an earlier-than-expected drop in new cases brought relief to medical professionals and public health workers. Dr. Brannon Traxler, the state health department’s chief medical officer, noted several factors may have contributed to the decline. While natural immunity from recovered patients played a role, increased vaccination rates also helped slow transmission.

Despite initial hesitation, vaccination efforts gained momentum as public health teams, medical practices and pharmacies delivered nearly 82,000 measles vaccines between October and March. This represented a 30% jump compared to the same timeframe the previous year, with Spartanburg County experiencing a remarkable 94% surge in vaccinations.

State health workers mounted extensive containment efforts, issuing nearly 2,300 quarantine notifications, conducting over 1,670 case investigation phone calls, and collaborating with seven school systems to quarantine 874 students.

Despite South Carolina’s success, measles remains active across the country. This year has already produced 1,792 cases nationwide—representing nearly 80% of 2025’s record total—along with 22 separate outbreaks. Florida has documented 134 cases while Texas reports 180, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data.

The most concerning situation currently involves an outbreak that began along the Arizona-Utah border before spreading throughout much of Utah. Since August, 607 Utah residents have contracted measles, while Mohave County, Arizona has recorded 282 cases. Genetic testing suggests the outbreak may have started six weeks earlier than initially detected and could be significantly larger than current reports indicate, according to research shared at a recent CDC conference.

While case numbers have decreased somewhat, it remains premature to predict an end to Utah’s outbreak, explained Dr. Ellie Brownstein, a Utah pediatrician serving as president-elect of the state’s American Academy of Pediatrics chapter. State records show southwestern Utah continues leading with 258 cases, though all 13 local health districts have reported at least one infection.

“It has marched through the state and is everywhere,” Brownstein observed.

South Carolina’s victory provides only temporary relief for health officials. A recent case connected to international travel in Saluda County, located west of Columbia, has forced 41 people into quarantine.

“We are certainly not letting our guard down, and I don’t think that South Carolinians who are still vulnerable to the virus, that don’t have immunity, should let their guard down,” Traxler emphasized.

The current surge follows a major outbreak that began in Canada during fall 2024, spreading throughout the Americas. Childhood vaccination rates against measles have declined for years across the United States as increasing numbers of parents choose to skip required school immunizations. International health authorities will decide in November whether the U.S. has lost its measles elimination status, which has been maintained since 2000.

Dr. Martha Edwards, who leads the South Carolina chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, described mixed emotions about the outbreak’s conclusion.

“I’m angry that many children and their parents had to worry about contracting or suffering through a disease that should have been nearly 100% preventable,” she stated.

Health authorities in South Carolina announced Monday that the state’s devastating measles outbreak has officially ended after going 42 days without any new cases connected to the epidemic.

The outbreak infected 997 individuals with the highly contagious, vaccine-preventable illness starting in October, making it the most severe measles crisis the nation has experienced in more than three decades. At least 21 patients required hospitalization according to voluntary reporting data, and state officials estimate the response efforts carried a $2.1 million price tag.

“The outbreak was predominantly contained to one area of one county and never went statewide, thanks to timely investigations, identification of those exposed, and people’s willingness to stay home,” stated Dr. Edward Simmer, who serves as interim director of the South Carolina Department of Public Health.

Measles ranks among the most highly transmissible viruses in medical science. While most patients recover after experiencing high fever, persistent cough, runny nose and the characteristic rash, serious complications can occur. Young children and immunocompromised individuals face risks of pneumonia, brain inflammation, and death. The disease can also trigger long-term health issues for survivors. Two vaccine doses provide 97% protection and are considered safe.

The epidemic was concentrated in northwestern Spartanburg County and represented the most rapidly spreading measles outbreak the country has witnessed in recent decades, according to state health authorities. Public health teams verified over 650 infections during January alone, quickly surpassing the 2025 West Texas outbreak that affected at least 762 individuals and resulted in two pediatric fatalities.

However, cases declined faster than experts anticipated, bringing relief to medical professionals and health workers. Dr. Brannon Traxler, the state health department’s chief medical officer, suggested several factors may have contributed to this trend last week. The outbreak may have naturally subsided as more people contracted the illness, but vaccination rates also improved significantly.

Despite initial reluctance, public health teams, medical practices, and pharmacies delivered nearly 82,000 measles vaccines between October and March. This represented more than a 30% jump compared to the previous year’s same timeframe. Spartanburg County experienced a dramatic 94% surge in vaccination rates.

The public health department implemented aggressive containment measures, distributing nearly 2,300 quarantine notifications, conducting over 1,670 case investigation phone calls, and collaborating with seven school districts to quarantine 874 students.

Measles transmission persists across the country. The United States has recorded 1,792 cases this year so far — representing nearly 80% of 2025’s record-breaking numbers — along with 22 new outbreaks. Florida has documented 134 cases this year while Texas reports 180, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data.

The most pressing concern involves an outbreak that began along the Arizona-Utah state line and has now expanded throughout much of Utah. Since August, 607 people have contracted the disease in Utah, while Mohave County, Arizona has documented 282 cases. Genetic testing suggests the outbreak may have started six weeks earlier than initially detected and could be significantly larger than current reports indicate, according to research shared at a recent CDC conference.

While case numbers have decreased somewhat, it remains premature to predict an end to the Utah outbreak, explained Dr. Ellie Brownstein, a Utah pediatrician and incoming president of the state’s American Academy of Pediatrics chapter. State records show southwestern Utah continues reporting the highest case count at 258, though all 13 local health districts have documented at least one infection.

“It has marched through the state and is everywhere,” Brownstein noted.

South Carolina health workers have only brief respite following their outbreak’s conclusion. A case connected to international travel in Saluda County, located west of Columbia, emerged last week and resulted in 41 people requiring quarantine.

“We are certainly not letting our guard down, and I don’t think that South Carolinians who are still vulnerable to the virus, that don’t have immunity, should let their guard down,” Traxler emphasized.

The virus has experienced a resurgence throughout the Americas following a major outbreak that originated in Canada during fall 2024. Childhood vaccination rates against measles have declined for years across the United States as increasing numbers of parents choose to skip required school immunizations. International health officials will decide in November whether the U.S. has forfeited its measles elimination status, which has been maintained since 2000.

Dr. Martha Edwards, who leads the South Carolina chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, described feeling both grateful and frustrated about the outbreak’s end.

“I’m angry that many children and their parents had to worry about contracting or suffering through a disease that should have been nearly 100% preventable,” she expressed.

Most of us have experienced that uncomfortable moment when we realize we’ve shared too much personal information at the wrong time. Picture this scenario: after a few drinks, you tell your work supervisors about an embarrassing bathroom incident that happened while you were performing on stage in front of hundreds of people.

Harvard business professor Leslie John thought this exact situation would end her career. However, the opposite occurred.

“Those two grand poo-bahs, they became my closest mentors,” John explained. She’s the author of “Revealing: The Underrated Power of Oversharing.” “And it’s not in spite of my having shared my embarrassing story with them, because they’ve told me it’s because of it.”

While John admits she may have been fortunate since her transparency made her stand out among other junior faculty members, the incident demonstrated an important principle.

According to John, most individuals focus on the dangers of revealing too much personal information, but research shows that being open typically creates trust and strengthens connections. She emphasizes this advice applies to face-to-face interactions, as digital sharing presents different challenges.

The question becomes: how can you determine whether you’re revealing too much or not enough?

Rutgers University communications professor Kathryn Greene has researched what academics call “disclosure” for decades, beginning in the 1980s. She notes that people often don’t recognize how frequently they decide whether to share personal information.

“We’re constantly making these evaluations in all of our relationships and reassessing as it goes along,” Greene explained.

According to Greene, situation matters tremendously. Discussing a sexually transmitted infection with your physician differs vastly from bringing it up with your employer.

While personal openness can create bonds between people, revealing excessive information too quickly will push others away.

Greene used dating as an illustration. When two people begin a romantic relationship, they initially share small amounts of information to determine whether their beliefs match.

“There’s a pretty predictable pattern as we test for a positive rather than neutral or negative reaction,” she noted. “It’s going to lead to us potentially sharing more.”

John recommends examining your motivations for sharing and considering whether you’re choosing the appropriate person and moment, which “requires a lot of self-honesty.”

During her pregnancy amid the pandemic, she disclosed the news to her landlord because she craved human connection. The landlord, seemingly concerned about having tenants with children, listed the property for sale the following day, forcing John to relocate.

“If I had been honest with myself, why do I want to reveal this? Because I want love and excitement,” she reflected. “Well, the landlord is not the right person to reveal to.”

However, John points out that people seldom consider the dangers of sharing too little. Without opening up to casual acquaintances, those relationships will never develop into close friendships. Failing to express love to someone special creates missed opportunities that are difficult to repair.

Conversely, revealing too much information can be fixed. John maintains that when you feel you’ve overshared, the solution is to communicate more, not less.

For example, if you believe you may have upset a coworker, this creates a chance to visit their workspace and resolve the misunderstanding.

“What feels like overcommunicating is just communicating,” she stated.

Greene identified one type of oversharing that proves ineffective: when someone overwhelms another person with personal details without allowing them to respond.

Eventually, this imbalance will damage the relationship.

“Most people will try to distance themselves if they’re finding time after time that this balance doesn’t ever shift,” she said.

Gossip represents another problematic form of sharing. John’s studies include examining “spontaneous trait transference.” This means when you share someone else’s private information or speak negatively about them, the listener will unconsciously connect those negative qualities with you and your character.

“It happens automatically, outside of conscious awareness,” John said. “Literally, it makes you look bad.”

However, she believes everything else is acceptable to share, particularly when the objective is feeling more understood. Additionally, sharing creates positive feelings.

John referenced research demonstrating that brain pleasure centers activate when people reveal personal information about themselves.

“Nature has a way of making what’s good for us pleasurable,” she concluded. “In moderation.”

Health authorities in South Carolina have officially concluded a devastating measles outbreak that infected 997 individuals across a six-month period, representing the most extensive single-location outbreak since measles elimination was achieved in the United States.

The epidemic started in October 2025 and primarily affected school-aged children who lacked vaccination protection, state health department officials reported.

Officials documented the final infection on March 15, then observed a 42-day waiting period—double the disease’s longest incubation timeframe—before officially announcing the outbreak’s conclusion.

Federal health experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with local officials throughout the emergency response, providing data analysis support.

Among all documented infections, 932 individuals had never received measles vaccination. Spartanburg County experienced over 90% of all cases, while students between ages 5 and 17 represented the hardest-hit group with 639 infections.

The health crisis required approximately $2.1 million in state resources and forced 874 students into quarantine measures spanning 33 educational facilities.

Public health leaders noted that outbreak response efforts sparked significant increases in measles immunizations, with over 81,000 vaccine doses distributed throughout the state—representing a 31% jump from 2025 levels.

This outbreak occurred during escalating national measles activity. The CDC documented 2,288 confirmed infections nationwide in 2025, the highest yearly count since 1991, with 1,792 additional cases recorded through April 23 of this year.

Federal authorities declared measles eliminated from American soil in 2000, indicating the virus no longer maintained continuous domestic transmission.

That elimination designation now faces scrutiny, with the Pan American Health Organisation postponing its review decision until November.

Swiss pharmaceutical giant Novartis announced Monday that European regulators have granted approval for Rhapsido, a new oral medication targeting chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), a condition that causes persistent hives.

The European Commission’s approval on April 27 marks a significant milestone for patients suffering from this chronic skin disorder. According to the pharmaceutical company, this represents a breakthrough in treatment options.

“Rhapsido is the first oral targeted treatment approved for CSU, offering a unique approach to CSU treatment in a pill taken twice daily without any lab monitoring required,” the company said in a statement.

The new medication provides patients with a convenient treatment option that doesn’t require regular laboratory testing, potentially improving quality of life for those dealing with chronic hives symptoms.

Medical professionals nationwide are expressing concern about what could develop into a severe year for diseases transmitted by ticks, following reports of an abnormally high number of bites occurring earlier than typical.

Emergency departments across the nation are documenting tick bite cases at rates not seen this early in the season since 2017, prompting health officials to issue warnings.

“If you have a lot of exposures, there will probably be more cases of tick-related infections,” said Dr. Alina Filozov, an infectious disease doctor at Middlesex Hospital in Middletown, Connecticut.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released an unusual early-season alert this week, urging Americans to protect themselves against tick encounters.

While tick bite incidents normally reach their peak in May, CDC Lyme disease specialist Alison Hinckley noted that current information suggests immediate action is needed. “Ticks are out and people are getting bitten,” Hinckley stated.

Although available information remains limited, initial indicators are concerning health officials.

Data from the CDC’s monitoring network reveals that emergency room visits for tick bites are occurring at the highest weekly rates for this period since 2017. This pattern is evident nationwide, with the exception of south-central states.

Approximately 85% of American hospital emergency departments contribute information to this monitoring system, though it doesn’t account for individuals who don’t seek hospital treatment.

Researchers will need several months to complete systematic tick population studies to determine actual changes in tick numbers. Additionally, since not every bite leads to infection, medical professionals will require time to assess whether there’s a genuine increase in Lyme disease or other related illnesses.

These bloodsucking parasites are small, eight-legged arachnids that typically feed on animals but sometimes attach to humans.

Several elements influence tick population fluctuations throughout the year. Climate change is generally considered a contributing factor, as these creatures thrive in warm, humid conditions and tend to be more active following mild winters. The availability of deer and mice for feeding may also play a role.

Certain ticks carry pathogens that can transmit serious illnesses, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and alpha-gal syndrome, which causes red meat allergies. Lyme disease represents the most frequent tick-borne illness, with approximately 476,000 Americans receiving treatment annually, according to CDC estimates. These infections typically respond to antibiotic treatment.

This year, most ticks observed in northeastern regions have been large adult specimens. However, in coming weeks, smaller juvenile nymphs will become more prevalent. The appearance of nymphs, combined with increased outdoor activities, contributes to May typically being the peak month for tick encounters. The tiny size of nymphs makes them harder to detect when attached to people, often resulting in longer attachment periods and higher infection risks, according to experts.

Connecticut holds historical significance in tick-borne disease research, as Lyme disease derives its name from a Connecticut town. Earlier this month, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station reported that residents were already submitting approximately 30 ticks daily for laboratory analysis.

State authorities also noted that an unusually high proportion of submitted specimens — 40% — tested positive for the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease.

Multiple factors are contributing to expanding tick populations, including exceptionally high mouse populations over the past two years, according to Scott Williams, a tick researcher at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.

Current data represents only an early indication, noted Megan Linske, a wildlife biologist with the same organization. She anticipates the situation will continue deteriorating, with increasing tick populations spreading across broader geographic areas.

Health experts recommend that people venturing outdoors pay attention to wooded areas and grassy locations that border forests. Ticks typically position themselves on vegetation at ankle height with their front legs extended, waiting to grab onto passing dogs or humans.

Protective measures include staying in the center of walking paths, wearing light-colored clothing treated with permethrin insecticide, and applying EPA-approved insect repellents.

If you discover a tick, remove it immediately. Medical attention isn’t necessary unless you believe the tick remained attached for days or if you develop a rash or other symptoms, experts advise.

Every morning at 6:30 AM across Japan, millions of people begin their day with a synchronized fitness ritual that has endured for nearly a century.

Known as Radio Taiso, which translates to Exercise Radio, this nationwide tradition involves broadcast calisthenics performed by participants in parks, offices, schools, and homes throughout the country. The routine consists of basic movements set to gentle piano music and simple spoken directions.

First established in 1928 during Emperor Hirohito’s coronation year, Radio Taiso has maintained its popularity because the exercises accommodate people of all ages and fitness levels while requiring no special equipment or training.

The 10-minute workout includes fundamental movements like reaching skyward for stretching, torso twists, hip bends, arm swings, shoulder rolls, and stationary jogging or jumping. Participants can adjust the intensity to match their abilities while following the soothing musical accompaniment.

Health experts point to this daily practice as one contributing factor to Japan’s exceptional longevity rates, which rank among the highest globally for both physical health and social connection.

The routine is available on YouTube with instructions in multiple languages including English. Approximately twelve core exercises can be performed either standing or sitting, encouraging continuous movement throughout the brief session.

The program consists of three segments lasting about three minutes each, with gradually increasing difficulty levels that remain accessible to beginners. Regular participants typically memorize the sequences, while newcomers can easily follow along without prior experience.

Starting with arm movements including lifting, rotating, and side-to-side stretching, the routine progresses to waist bends and twists. Shoulder raises combine with light jumping movements and marching in place, incorporating neck stretches, chest expansions, and small squats for leg strength.

Each exercise repeats four to eight times with ongoing reminders to maintain relaxed breathing and controlled inhalation and exhalation.

At Tokyo’s expansive Kiba Park in the eastern district, 88-year-old Mieko Kobayashi joins a dedicated group almost daily for the morning session.

“If it’s cold or raining, I don’t go,” she said. “By moving my body, I feel better.”

Kobayashi and her 77-year-old companion Yoshiko Nagao explained that many daily participants live alone, making this gathering an essential social connection, especially for elderly community members.

“Laughing and chatting while taking a walk after (the exercise) is also good,” Nagao added. “We come even on New Year’s Day.”

Kenji Iguchi, 83 years old but appearing decades younger, has maintained his routine for approximately two decades.

“It’s for my joints, mainly the knees and back, because of my age,” Iguchi said.

“I get up a 5 a.m. anyway,” he added. “I come to the park about 6 and do a round of walking ahead of the Radio Taiso session. Most of the faces are familiar, and coming here and getting together with them is also one of the things I look forward to.”

Japan maintains one of the world’s highest life expectancy rates at approximately 85 years, surpassed only slightly by Hong Kong. This compares to roughly 79 years in the United States. Experts attribute Japanese longevity to dietary habits, healthcare access, and cultural practices that keep elderly citizens engaged and active.

Government statistics released last year revealed that 99,763 Japanese citizens had reached 100 years or older, marking the 55th consecutive year of record-breaking centenarian numbers. The count included 87,784 women (88%) and 11,979 men (12%). Japan holds the global record for centenarians relative to its total population of about 122 million.

The concept originated from a similar American radio program sponsored by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company a century ago. According to the Japan Radio Taiso Federation, postal ministry officials who visited the United States in the 1920s brought the idea back to Japan.

Within ten years, millions were participating in the daily routine. Postal workers initially led the program’s expansion by distributing informational materials and conducting training workshops.

Following Japan’s 1945 World War II defeat, American occupation forces prohibited the exercises, viewing the group activities as potentially “totalitarian” with military overtones.

Popular demand restored the group sessions in 1951, just before the American occupation concluded in 1952.

A 2023 federation survey found that more than 20 million Japanese people participate in Radio Taiso at least weekly.

The practice has spread internationally, gaining particular popularity in Brazil, which hosts the world’s largest Japanese diaspora community outside Japan.

WASHINGTON — Federal health regulators announced Friday they will expedite reviews of three experimental psychedelic medications designed to treat mental health disorders, marking the latest step in the Trump administration’s push to advance these controversial treatments.

The decision follows an executive order signed by President Trump last weekend that instructed the Food and Drug Administration and other federal agencies to accelerate access and reduce barriers for psychedelic substances, which currently remain federally prohibited.

According to the FDA, priority review vouchers were granted to two pharmaceutical companies researching psilocybin — the psychoactive compound found in magic mushrooms — as a treatment for severe depression cases. A third company received expedited status for methylone, a substance similar to MDMA, targeting post-traumatic stress disorder. The agency chose not to identify the specific companies in its announcement.

While these vouchers don’t ensure final approval, they signal that federal reviewers will work to compress their evaluation process from several months down to just weeks.

This shift toward psychedelic medicine aligns with increasing enthusiasm for these consciousness-altering substances among Trump’s base, particularly military veterans and supporters of the Make America Healthy Again initiative led by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

During congressional testimony last July, Kennedy stated his department’s goal to make psychedelic treatments accessible for challenging psychiatric conditions within twelve months. Several of Kennedy’s key advisors and team members advocate for these substances.

Senior health adviser Calley Means, who previously worked on Kennedy’s campaign, has written extensively about what he calls the “mind-blowing” potential of psychedelics and has disclosed plans to invest in companies developing these drugs.

The FDA’s preferential treatment of psychedelic research is expected to spark renewed criticism of its expedited review program, officially called the Commissioner’s National Priority Voucher program.

Congressional Democrats have pointed out that vouchers often go to companies with political connections to the administration, including those that have agreed to reduce medication costs.

In a related development, the FDA approved preliminary testing of a substance derived from ibogaine, a potent psychedelic extracted from an African plant, for treating alcohol addiction. Though ibogaine can trigger dangerous heart complications, it has gained popularity among combat veterans seeking relief from trauma and substance abuse.

The company behind this research, DemeRx, is headed by a Florida-based scientist who began ibogaine studies in the 1990s before federal officials withdrew public funding. DemeRx’s compound is a modified version of ibogaine that the company claims eliminates the original drug’s safety concerns.

A White House gathering on psychedelics held Saturday revealed how Trump’s political supporters influenced his administration’s priorities on this issue.

Podcaster Joe Rogan, who attended the Oval Office event, revealed he sent Trump a text message about ibogaine, which he frequently discusses on his program. According to Rogan, the president responded immediately: “Sounds great. Do you want FDA approval? Let’s do it.”

White House staff credit Rogan’s endorsement of Trump just before the November 2024 election as crucial to the president’s victory.

During his show this week, Rogan explained he discovered ibogaine through Ed Clay, a mixed martial arts coach and business owner who operates treatment retreats in Mexico.

Nearly all psychedelic substances, including LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA, fall under Schedule I classification, reserved for high-risk drugs with no recognized medical applications.

For years, pharmaceutical companies avoided these substances due to the legal complexities of researching federally banned drugs.

However, numerous smaller drug companies, many backed by Silicon Valley investors, have recently entered the competition to secure FDA approval for various psychedelics. Tech entrepreneur Peter Thiel — who has financially supported both Trump and Vice President JD Vance — has invested in AtaiBeckley, a firm researching MDMA and other psychedelic compounds.

ASHEVILLE, NC – A North Carolina chocolate manufacturer has announced a product recall affecting certain bonbon collections that may contain unlisted walnut ingredients.

French Broad Chocolates PBC issued the recall on April 23, 2026, for their Bette’s Bake Sale Bonbon Collection. The recall covers boxes containing 6, 12, and 24 pieces with batch numbers 260414 and 260417.

The company initiated the recall after discovering the chocolates may contain walnuts that are not listed on the product labeling. This poses a serious health threat to individuals who suffer from walnut allergies or sensitivities, who could experience dangerous allergic reactions if they consume the product.

Customers who purchased the affected bonbon collections are advised to check their batch numbers and discontinue use immediately if they match the recalled items. Those with walnut allergies should be particularly cautious and seek medical attention if they have already consumed the product and experience symptoms.

Mary Anne Blanton watched her mother Tammy’s life fall apart over years of opioid use that began with migraine treatments, leaving her isolated from family and unable to work before her accidental death in 2017 at age 58.

Medical records show Tammy received opioid prescriptions from various doctors for decades, averaging more than 200 pills monthly during a two-year stretch. A medical examiner determined that oxycodone and extended-release morphine, combined with alcohol and anti-anxiety medications, led to her death.

When Purdue Pharma filed for bankruptcy protection in 2019, Blanton thought her mother’s case would qualify for compensation from the company whose OxyContin painkiller has been widely blamed for sparking the opioid epidemic. Purdue admitted wrongdoing and promised to pay those who suffered harm.

Although opioid-related lawsuits have produced over $57 billion in settlements primarily going to government entities, Purdue’s bankruptcy agreement stands alone in dedicating substantial funds—approximately $865 million—directly to individuals affected by opioids.

This compensation fund represents the final opportunity for opioid crisis victims to receive individual payments. The extensive legal battles that once targeted major drug manufacturers, distributors and pharmacy chains have mostly concluded, with no similar individual victim fund expected in the future.

However, Blanton and countless others now find their hopes fading. A Reuters investigation examining six years of bankruptcy records, including hundreds of court documents, over 100 victim letters, and interviews with eight affected individuals and attorneys, reveals how the lengthy legal process created significant obstacles for those seeking compensation.

Blanton joins many who may receive nothing because they cannot document that Purdue specifically manufactured the pills they or their family members used, rather than generic alternatives. Numerous individuals initially filed claims without supporting documentation, only to discover years later that necessary records had been destroyed.

Proving use of Purdue-manufactured opioids presents major challenges years after the fact. Medical records typically note the prescribed drug but not its manufacturer. Insurance providers often direct patients toward generic versions for cost savings. Pharmacies may change suppliers frequently, and most states don’t require doctors, hospitals, pharmacies or insurers to maintain records beyond several years.

“To me, it’s irrelevant whether Purdue manufactured her specific prescription — it ultimately came from them,” Blanton said. Purdue told “everybody that they were safe and not addictive. They created this mess.”

The Sackler family, which owned Purdue, directed inquiries to the company. Purdue declined repeated requests for comment.

The documentation requirement was built into the bankruptcy plan Purdue negotiated with creditors, reflecting the company’s position that it should only be liable for harm directly linked to its products.

Victims and their attorneys argue that Purdue and the Sackler family should bear broader responsibility for igniting an opioid epidemic through aggressive and deceptive marketing that promoted widespread prescription painkiller use, including generics, with many patients eventually turning to illegal substances.

Purdue has pleaded guilty twice to federal criminal charges related to OxyContin marketing, acknowledging it misled regulators, doctors and patients about addiction risks while engaging in illegal practices to increase opioid sales.

When the company entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy, people claiming harm from its opioid medications became creditors in the case, placed in the same legal category as states, cities and other governments that had sued the company.

In March 2021, when Purdue unveiled its initial bankruptcy plan, board chairman Steve Miller called it “historic” and said it would have “a profoundly positive impact on public health by directing critically-needed resources to communities and individuals nationwide.”

Purdue urged individuals to submit claims. Nearly 140,000 people did so by the September 2021 deadline, completing a seven-page form that didn’t require detailed documentation. Some claims came from attorneys representing multiple clients, but many were filed by people battling addiction or unable to afford legal representation.

Purdue’s bankruptcy then stretched on for years, becoming entangled in appeals that ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court. The settlement was negotiated privately through confidential mediation sessions as part of a complex bankruptcy that generated more than 9,000 court filings.

In May 2025, nearly four years after the claim filing deadline passed, a trustee appointed to manage the fund requested for the first time that people provide records proving Purdue manufactured the drugs that caused their harm. He established a 60-day deadline. The extended delay increased the likelihood that requested documents would no longer be available from doctors, pharmacies or insurers, which typically only retain records for a few years.

An earlier plan version would have allowed people without prescription records to qualify for a $3,500 payment by signing a sworn statement saying they used the drug. People with records and more severe harm could qualify for up to $48,000, according to court documents. But after the appeals process, the revised deal restricted payouts only to people with records. The change wasn’t discussed publicly in court, which ProPublica first reported Thursday.

Ed Neiger, an attorney who helped represent approximately 30,000 victims, said plaintiffs’ lawyers tried to make proof requirements as flexible as possible but faced demands from other attorneys negotiating the bankruptcy settlement that claimants provide evidence similar to what would be required in a lawsuit. “We couldn’t get it to a point where you could get recovery without a prescription. And the option was either, you know, blow up the settlement or take the concessions that you were able to extract.”

Despite its limitations, the Purdue settlement provides an easier compensation path than traditional litigation, Neiger said. Individual lawsuits against Purdue or the Sackler family would likely take years, cost substantial amounts and require far more detailed evidence, with no guarantee of success. No individual has ever successfully sued the Sacklers or Purdue over personal opioid addiction.

Nevertheless, U.S. District Judge Sean Lane in White Plains, New York, who oversees Purdue’s bankruptcy, has already rejected more than 40% of filed claims.

Even for those whose claims receive approval, compensation is expected to be relatively modest. Purdue estimated in December that eligible individuals could receive approximately $8,000 or $16,000, depending on how long opioids were prescribed. These figures are estimates and could increase if fewer claimants ultimately meet documentation requirements, since the money pool would be divided among fewer people.

Purdue sold extended-release morphine under the MS Contin brand and later extended-release oxycodone as OxyContin—the same drugs Blanton said her mother consumed in large quantities over decades. She said in an interview that she knows her mother took some Purdue-manufactured pills but couldn’t prove Purdue made the morphine or oxycodone her mother used. While Purdue developed and first marketed both drugs, many other companies later received approval to sell generic versions.

Following her mother’s death, Blanton began searching for records from doctors, hospitals and pharmacies to support her claim but said much of the required information either no longer exists or was never recorded initially. Tammy’s primary care physician had legally destroyed her records, Blanton said, and hospital records she obtained often didn’t identify the manufacturer. She was also unable to obtain records from Arizona’s Medicaid program, which paid for most of her mother’s prescriptions, because of documentation hurdles tied to proof of next-of-kin status and privacy rules.

Purdue says it has adopted a flexible documentation approach, accepting various evidence including prescription records, references to Purdue opioids in other qualifying documents, or photographs of prescription bottles. In a January court filing, the company described its requirements as “flexible and far less onerous” than the proof a plaintiff would need in a lawsuit.

Michele Capozzi-Pollock, a 59-year-old Massachusetts resident whose husband died after years of opioid use, laughed when told pill bottles could be used as claim proof. “Like I’m going to save 16 years’ worth of prescription bottles,” she said in an interview.

Capozzi-Pollock said she was told the claim would be denied because she didn’t respond to the documentation request sent last summer and addressed to her husband three years after his death.

“How much time do I put towards this, and energy and money, just to get to the end and then have them say, ‘No, denied’?”

When Purdue asked the bankruptcy court in January to dismiss more than 57,000 claims from people who didn’t respond to the trustee’s May 2025 documentation request, hundreds of victims sent protest letters to the court.

Their letters describe not only difficulty obtaining records but basic confusion about how the settlement operates.

“I am at a loss and do not know what to do,” wrote Terry Hughes, an inmate at Huttonsville Correctional Center in West Virginia, in a February 20 letter to the bankruptcy court. Hughes said the pharmacy where he filled opioid prescriptions had closed years ago.

Michael Galipeau, a 41-year-old Red Hook, New York resident, received an email in January with the subject line: “Purdue Pharma L.P., et al., Case No. 19-23649 Omnibus Claims Objection to Unsubstantiated Claims,” almost six years after filing his claim.

Galipeau, who has battled opioid addiction for nearly two decades, became dependent on painkillers prescribed for a broken wrist in 2007, served prison time for drug dealing, and now counsels people recovering from addiction.

Only after reaching page 3,024 of a 17,101-page PDF attachment did he see the words: “Claimant failed to provide information to substantiate claim.”

In an interview, Galipeau, who attended a February 26 court hearing in White Plains, said he tried to argue to Lane, the presiding judge, that the settlement’s documentation requirements were too restrictive. Lane interrupted him and moved on to other speakers, including dozens who joined by Zoom.

During the hearing, the judge acknowledged the frustration many people expressed—over bureaucratic complexity and a sense that the process had left ordinary victims without guidance or recourse. Still, he agreed to Purdue’s request to dismiss nearly all of the 57,000 claims.

Lane declined to comment.

The hearing, which Reuters monitored by phone, was one of several scheduled for this spring and summer as the court considers whether to dismiss tens of thousands of remaining claims.

Not everyone will be excluded. Jill Cichowicz, a 47-year-old Richmond, Virginia resident who lost her twin brother Scott to an overdose in 2017, said she has records showing he was prescribed OxyContin and expects to qualify for payment. She said Scott kept detailed notes about the drugs he was taking and that her family hired an investigator and saved pill bottles listing Purdue as the manufacturer after his death—advantages she said many families lack. “I don’t think the average person that’s battling addiction is keeping, you know, copious records and Excel spreadsheets of everything they’re taking,” Cichowicz said. “I think they’re just trying to survive.”

A Vancouver senior citizen is speaking out after she claims medical staff at a Canadian hospital suggested physician-assisted suicide as her initial treatment option when she sought care for intense back pain. Miriam Lancaster, 84, told the Western Standard that after providing her basic medical information, hospital workers inquired whether she would consider ending her life. Lancaster declined the suggestion and ultimately received proper medical care for what was diagnosed as a hairline fracture in her pelvis. The incident has sparked anger among Canadian organizations that oppose assisted suicide.

Cannabis industry officials are analyzing the potential consequences of federal marijuana rescheduling for both patients and businesses nationwide. NPR host Michel Martin recently spoke with Gillian Schauer, who serves as executive director of the Cannabis Regulators Association, about what immediate changes consumers and the industry might expect.

The conversation centered on how shifts in federal cannabis classification could reshape the landscape for medical marijuana users and the companies that serve them. Industry leaders are closely monitoring these developments as they could significantly alter how cannabis is regulated and accessed across the country.

A worldwide vaccination campaign has successfully immunized over 100 million children since its launch in 2023, according to the World Health Organization and vaccine alliance Gavi announced Thursday.

The program, called “The Big Catch-Up,” was created during World Immunisation Week in 2023 to address vaccination shortfalls that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effort targeted children between ages 1 and 5 across 36 nations and wrapped up in March of this year.

According to the health organizations, approximately 12.3 million children who had never received any vaccinations were protected against diseases including diphtheria and polio. An additional 15 million children received measles vaccinations for the first time through this program.

Although complete statistics are still being gathered, officials say the worldwide effort is expected to achieve its goal of reaching at least 21 million children who were either unvaccinated or under-vaccinated.

This vaccination drive occurs as funding challenges emerge, with some longtime supporters like the United States reducing financial assistance despite millions of babies continuing to miss essential immunizations annually. These children remain at risk for preventable illnesses including measles, diphtheria and polio.

Ephrem Lemango, Chief of Immunization at UNICEF, warned that recent significant reductions in global health funding have “seriously affected delivery of immunization services” and could “likely reverse hard earned progress.”

In 2023, U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has expressed skepticism about vaccines, reduced financial backing for Gavi, an organization that assists in purchasing vaccines for the world’s most impoverished nations. Kennedy has alleged the organization overlooks safety concerns regarding the immunizations it distributes.

Approximately 14.5 million children failed to receive basic vaccinations in 2023, with nations experiencing armed conflicts showing some of the most severe declines in immunization rates.

A Michigan-based snack company has issued an urgent recall for one of its trail mix products after discovering it contains allergens not listed on the packaging.

Ferris Coffee & Nut Co., located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, announced the voluntary recall of a specific production batch of Frederik’s by Meijer Vanilla Bourbon Trail Mix sold in 9-ounce containers. The company discovered the product contains wheat and soy ingredients that were not disclosed on the product label.

Health officials warn that individuals with allergies or severe reactions to wheat or soy face the possibility of dangerous or potentially fatal allergic responses if they consume this product.

Consumers who purchased this trail mix are advised to check their packages and avoid eating the product if they have sensitivities to the undeclared ingredients. Those with questions about the recall can contact the company directly.

Federal health authorities have blocked the release of research that examined whether COVID-19 vaccines were effective at preventing hospitalizations among adults.

A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Services confirmed Wednesday that officials decided to prevent the study’s publication, pointing to disagreements over the research methodology used.

The blocked research was scheduled to be published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, which serves as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s primary publication.

Researchers typically evaluate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness by examining patients who end up in hospitals or emergency departments. Scientists determine vaccination status and compare positive COVID-19 test rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.

Multiple respected medical journals, including Pediatrics and the New England Journal of Medicine, have published studies using this same research approach after thorough expert review.

The blocked study used identical methods and found that vaccines reduced emergency room visits and hospital admissions among healthy adults by approximately 50 percent during the previous winter, according to The Washington Post, which initially reported the cancellation.

HHS officials declined to specify their exact concerns with the methodology but suggested that previous infections, patient behavior, and variations in healthcare-seeking patterns could influence outcomes.

However, the broader scientific community doesn’t share these worries, and numerous researchers have successfully employed this approach, according to Dr. Fiona Havers, an Atlanta physician who formerly worked at the CDC. She explained that the methodology is designed to account for healthcare-seeking differences, and prior infections shouldn’t significantly impact results given widespread coronavirus exposure among Americans.

While no research design is flawless, HHS officials haven’t suggested an alternative approach “that’s realistic and ethical for getting real-time estimates of how well vaccines are working each year,” Havers stated. She previously directed a CDC hospital surveillance network team focused on COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses.

Public health advocates previously expressed concerns during President Donald Trump’s initial term that political appointees were attempting to influence MMWR publications.

These worries resurfaced after Trump’s return to office when MMWR publication was briefly halted. While it resumed, the publication has remained significantly reduced from its previous scope.

“Health care professionals rely on the MMWR for timely, objective and fact-based information about the nation’s public health,” stated U.S. Senator Dick Durbin, an Illinois Democrat who raised concerns when CDC communications were previously suspended.

“Muzzling scientists and doctors on how to prevent Americans from being hospitalized can have deadly consequences. The CDC must abandon plans to place a political gag order on this critical research,” Durbin said Wednesday.

A groundbreaking new study reveals that approximately 4,400 fewer American teenagers and young adults lost their lives to suicide than researchers anticipated during the initial two-and-a-half years following the introduction of the 988 mental health crisis hotline, indicating the program’s effectiveness despite ongoing funding concerns.

According to research published Wednesday in JAMA, suicide fatalities among individuals aged 15 to 23 dropped 11% below projected numbers from July 2022 — when the crisis line began operations — through December 2024.

“The 988 program is one of the largest federal investments in suicide prevention in U.S. history — roughly $1.5 billion cumulative — and our findings suggest that investment has translated into measurable reductions in young adult suicide deaths,” said Dr. Vishal Patel, a clinical fellow at Harvard Medical School and the paper’s lead author.

To conduct their analysis, researchers examined nationwide death certificate data spanning from 1999 to 2022 to create projections for suicide mortality rates had the 988 hotline never been established. These estimates were then measured against actual death statistics.

While researchers acknowledge they cannot definitively attribute the decrease solely to the 988 service, and overall U.S. suicide rates have generally declined, they conducted multiple comparative analyses to validate their conclusions, Patel explained.

Their investigation revealed that the ten states experiencing the most significant increases in call volume after 988’s debut also demonstrated substantially larger differences between projected and actual suicide deaths. The reductions were more pronounced among younger demographics compared to individuals over 65, who utilize the service less frequently. Additionally, no comparable changes were observed in England, which lacked a similar hotline during the research timeframe.

These findings align with earlier research studies.

“Studies show that after speaking with a trained crisis counselor, most people who contact the 988 Lifeline are significantly more likely to feel less depressed, less suicidal, less overwhelmed and more hopeful,” a spokesperson for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, which funds the hotline, said in response to the study.

Jill Harkavy-Friedman, who directs the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention’s research program and was not part of the study, described the findings as “very heartening and very positive.” While she hopes to see additional research confirming these results, she praised the authors for conducting a “great deal of work” to eliminate other potential factors contributing to the decline.

The comprehensive mental health system plays a crucial role in reducing suicide rates, Harkavy-Friedman emphasized. The 988 hotline’s ability to guide users through this system, assist with safety planning, connect callers to local crisis intervention teams, and provide referrals for extended care has resulted in “extraordinary” outcomes, she noted. Having immediate access to support during a crisis moment can also prove life-saving.

“That is the strength of the crisis line,” Harkavy-Friedman said. “When you call, it de-escalates the crisis so the person has greater capacity to address whatever it is that’s driving their emotions at the moment.”

Mental health experts emphasize that the current combination of federal and state funding for call centers remains inadequate to address the actual level of demand.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s federal budget proposal maintains consistent 988 funding at $534.6 million for fiscal year 2027, anticipating 11 million contacts during the coming year.

While the hotline “is not a panacea for preventing suicide death,” the number of lives it has preserved “is a really big deal and underscores the need for sustained investment in 988 from federal, and especially state, lawmakers,” said Jonathan Purtle, a New York University mental health policy researcher.

During a Capitol Hill hearing Tuesday, Sen. Tammy Baldwin urged Kennedy to fulfill a “legal requirement” to reinstate 988’s specialized line for LGBTQ+ youth. The administration suddenly terminated the program last summer, despite research showing this population experiences disproportionately elevated suicide rates.

“Yes, we are working on getting it up now,” Kennedy responded to the Wisconsin Democrat. Representatives from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services did not immediately provide The Associated Press with a timeline or specifics regarding the restoration.

Patel emphasized that specialized services for high-risk populations — including the LGBTQ+ line — are essential components of the program’s success.

“Our findings should be read as evidence that this is a program worth preserving and expanding, not one to scale back,” he said.

EDITOR’S NOTE: This story discusses suicide. If you or someone you know needs help, the national suicide and crisis lifeline is available by calling or texting 988.

During a Senate budget hearing on Wednesday, Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. denied any personal involvement in the Food and Drug Administration’s recent decision to reject a cancer treatment for advanced skin cancer.

Kennedy was appearing before senators to discuss President Donald Trump’s proposed budget for the Department of Health and Human Services for fiscal year 2027 when he addressed the controversial drug decision.

“I had nothing to do with this decision,” Kennedy stated, explaining that the choice rested with FDA Commissioner Dr. Marty Makary.

The FDA rejected Replimune’s experimental treatment called RP1 earlier this month, citing concerns about the company’s research methodology. Federal regulators criticized the pharmaceutical company for conducting a study without a proper control group, demanding evidence from a more rigorous controlled trial to prove the drug’s effectiveness.

Kennedy defended the agency’s position, saying: “This decision comes out of FDA, and we trust the process there. And I’ve been told by Marty Makary that every panel that looked at that drug unanimously voted against it… because it does not appear to work.”

The rejection has devastated Replimune’s market value, with company shares dropping almost 70% since the FDA’s announcement. This marks the second time in two years that federal regulators have turned down the cancer treatment.

However, the stock rebounded 15% on Wednesday after a Wall Street Journal editorial challenged Kennedy’s characterization of the drug’s effectiveness. The opinion piece criticized FDA drug division head Vinay Prasad, who announced his departure from the agency last month.

The editorial quoted cancer specialists involved in the drug trials who argued the treatment showed promise. It also criticized Kennedy for previously stating at a Capitol Hill hearing that Makary “made the correct decision to not approve that drug.”

“Denying patients a life-saving medicine for inexplicable reasons is the wrong kind of change. If Dr. Makary doesn’t understand that, the FDA needs a change in leadership,” the editorial argued.

Following the April 10 rejection, Replimune expressed disagreement with the FDA’s assessment, claiming the agency contradicted positions it had taken during a September meeting about the drug’s approval pathway.

An HHS spokesperson defended the decision, stating that “FDA career scientists and senior office leadership in the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research unanimously determined that the current evidence for (Replimune’s drug) does not meet the evidentiary standards required for regulatory approval.”

Replimune did not respond to requests for comment about the ongoing controversy.

The leader of Europe’s top drug regulatory body issued a stark warning Wednesday that the continent stands at a pivotal moment for maintaining access to breakthrough medications, as American pricing strategies continue to disrupt the global pharmaceutical landscape.

Emer Cooke, who heads the European Medicines Agency, addressed concerns at a pharmaceutical conference in Barcelona, Spain, noting that new drug introductions across Europe have plummeted by more than one-third following the implementation of President Trump’s pricing initiative last May.

“I think we’re at a very critical point at the moment,” Cooke stated during the Reuters Pharma Europe 2026 gathering.

“Everybody’s struggling with what the impacts of the U.S. policy on pricing will be. And that’s not just on pricing, it’s on where you do your clinical trials, where you market, where you launch.”

The Trump administration’s “most-favored-nation” approach seeks to reduce American drug costs by tying them to the lower prices paid by other developed nations, particularly European countries. However, industry experts report this strategy has prompted pharmaceutical companies to either seek higher European prices or postpone product launches there entirely.

Bill Coyle, who leads biopharma operations at consulting firm ZS, explained the industry’s reluctance at the conference: “MFN is creating a huge hesitation to launch here in Europe if it exposes price in the U.S., which, of course, is the major driver of profit for the entire industry.”

When questioned about pharmaceutical companies’ claims that European markets no longer provide sufficient financial returns, Cooke revealed she recently hosted senior industry executives at the EMA to explore ways the regulatory body could better support innovation and accelerate drug approvals.

Despite the challenges, Cooke emphasized Europe’s strengths as the world’s second-largest pharmaceutical market with comprehensive healthcare coverage, describing it as being in a “very strong place in terms of access” while advocating for coordinated purchasing negotiations across EU member states.

The pharmaceutical sector has increasingly criticized European regulators, arguing that companies now prefer investing and conducting research in the United States and China over Europe, where drug prices remain lower, regulatory processes more complex, and innovation incentives less compelling.

Cooke pushed back against these criticisms, highlighting ongoing European reform efforts including new pharmaceutical legislation covering joint procurement mechanisms for newly approved medications and a comprehensive life sciences strategy emphasizing innovation and market competitiveness.

“We have a lot of very positive things going on in Europe,” she emphasized.

Regarding upcoming regulatory decisions, Cooke indicated that European approval for the first in a new class of weight-loss medications would come “very soon,” suggesting action within weeks or months before the summer institutional slowdown period.

Two oral weight-loss drugs from Eli Lilly and competitor Novo Nordisk, which could significantly impact the profitable weight management market, have already received U.S. approval for launch this year.

Addressing recent upheaval at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration since Trump’s second term began, Cooke noted that Europe has begun attracting American scientific professionals.

“I think we’re getting some already – quietly,” she disclosed.

While maintaining that FDA relationships remain solid, Cooke acknowledged that leadership transitions have required the EMA to establish new working relationships with American counterparts.

The interview also covered European initiatives to address medication shortages and the importance of training EMA personnel in responsible artificial intelligence use, ensuring human oversight remains central to regulatory decision-making processes.

GUTACH, Germany (AP) — In Germany’s scenic Black Forest, visitors navigate waterlogged pathways that plunge their feet into ankle-deep mud and water, demanding cautious movement. Thousands of miles away in northern Arizona’s ponderosa pine forests, walkers must carefully balance across tree stump stepping stones along a sandy route.

These two locations, separated by nearly 6,000 miles, share one unique characteristic: both trails encourage visitors to remove their shoes and socks entirely.

These shoeless pathways exist worldwide, offering people enhanced connections to the natural environment through tactile experiences and sounds. The sensation of cool mud between toes, contact with pine needles, and exploration of meditation spaces, aromatic stations, and darkened chambers turn ordinary hikes into engaging sensory adventures.

Medical professionals and barefoot advocates suggest that walking without shoes across different textures may improve emotional wellness and foot health overall.

The concept of barefoot benefits has grown popular among athletes and runners in recent years, along with environmental advocates and those seeking alternative mental health approaches, though the practice dates back more than a century.

Sebastian Kneipp, a German Catholic priest from the 1800s who pioneered naturopathic medicine, advocated for nature exposure, water treatments, and shoeless walking as exercise methods to boost circulation and general health, including immune system function. He suggested walking barefoot across “dew-wet grass” or snow and reportedly described shoes as “foot-bending machinery.”

His beliefs inspired trail development throughout Europe, where some are called Kneipp paths, and to some degree in America. Throughout Asia, reflexology pathways constructed with stones, pebbles, and grass aim to activate acupressure points on foot soles, connecting to traditional healing practices.

Germany’s Park mit allen Sinnen, meaning “park with all senses,” represents the Black Forest region’s broader wellness tourism focus. This area spans over 2,317 square miles where tourists can enjoy mountain air, thermal baths, and spa treatments featuring local vegetation and herbs.

The park requires admission fees. According to its website, walking barefoot along the 1-mile trail’s varied surfaces “is ideal for exercising your back and spine, and at the same time, it’s a perfect foot reflexology massage in the fresh air.”

Leah Williams, who owns The Barefoot Trail park near Flagstaff, Arizona, established her 1-mile manicured trail near Route 66 two years ago following a European family vacation. While tickets are necessary, Williams runs the facility as a nonprofit charitable organization.

Williams explained that her German mother encouraged childhood barefoot activities like tree climbing and forest exploration around Seattle — habits Williams maintained into adulthood and shared with her children. During their Netherlands residence, the family experienced a barefoot trail in Belgium.

“I loved everything about it. I saw all ages, and I loved seeing older people at the park because you don’t see that here in the United States,” Williams said. “I thought, ‘Wow, when I get back to the United States, I’m going to build one of these parks myself.’”

She provides educational resources for schools, summer programs, and camps when children visit her facility.

“Being good stewards of nature is really our job as human beings, and we have taken 13 acres of land at our park for our community enjoyment, … for local, statewide and regional enjoyment,” Williams said, her eyes moist with emotion.

Since most people rarely walk outdoors without footwear, exposing sensitive feet to various textures, temperatures, and surface contacts requires adjustment.

“You should see people’s faces when they start walking,” Williams said, chuckling at the thought.

Although many barefoot trail parks encourage shoeless walking, bare feet aren’t mandatory. Visitors with neuropathy, diabetes, or other foot medical issues are welcome to maintain their footwear at both the Arizona and German locations.

Certain barefoot trails incorporate multiple sensory elements.

At Park mit allen Sinnen, a German sign reading “Please be quiet” marks a meditation cave location. Inside, visitors find a lengthy bench facing large windows with forest views while soft music emanates from concealed speakers.

Other park areas feature red bulbs that visitors squeeze to release papaya or apricot fragrances, or boxes filled with wild boar fur for tactile exploration.

Additional European nations including Austria, Denmark, France, Hungary, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom feature barefoot trails. Some serve local communities rather than tourists, making discovery challenging. Searching “barefoot” or “barefoot paths” in native languages may assist location efforts.

Public parks in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japan include pebble walkways with smooth stones set in cement for reflexology and foot massage purposes.

The United States has wellness parks and informal barefoot hiking on standard trails, but their rarity motivates Williams to expand The Barefoot Trail concept nationwide.

The foundation recently acquired approximately 20 acres in Lawrence, Kansas’s commercial and residential college town area to develop a park similar to her Arizona location.

“The park will be one of the components of a larger commercial space being developed,” Williams said. “It’s about integrating those natural environments into people’s daily lives and providing those safe spaces for people to enjoy.”

Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche announced Wednesday that it has filed regulatory submissions for its investigational multiple sclerosis treatment fenebrutinib with health authorities around the world, despite clinical trial data showing patient fatalities during testing.

The drugmaker achieved its primary objectives in advanced-stage clinical trials, but newly released information revealed that seven participants died while taking the experimental medication during research studies.

Roche had previously disclosed results from trials involving patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), but Wednesday’s announcement included additional details about the drug’s performance in treating relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).

According to Chief Medical Officer Levi Garraway, fenebrutinib demonstrated superior efficacy compared to teriflunomide, an existing oral medication manufactured by French company Sanofi. The experimental treatment more than doubled the duration patients remained free from disease relapses, Garraway stated.

However, the safety profiles between the two drugs showed significant differences. Sanofi’s established medication, which has been commercially available for 13 years, recorded one patient death representing 0.1% of study participants. In contrast, fenebrutinib was associated with seven deaths during trials (0.9%) plus an additional fatality afterward.

“There are a couple of cases where the investigators did think the deaths were related to the study drug and both of those were infections,” Garraway explained during an interview, noting that the connection between the medication and other deaths remained uncertain.

Garraway emphasized that none of the fatalities were connected to liver-related complications, and he indicated that serious liver toxicity rates were comparable to those seen with the competing treatment.

Investment analysts at Jefferies expressed doubt in February about fenebrutinib’s prospects for regulatory clearance, citing concerns about liver side effects. They also suggested that analyst projections of peak sales reaching approximately three billion Swiss francs ($3.85 billion) might be overly optimistic.

Despite these concerns, Garraway maintained that the company views the drug’s overall risk-benefit assessment as positive and anticipates regulatory approval if authorities reach the same conclusion. While declining to discuss sales forecasts, he noted that the company does not anticipate fenebrutinib will supersede Roche’s current multiple sclerosis medication Ocrevus.

At the Berlin Zoo, 86-year-old Christel Krueger gazed through the thick glass enclosure, watching in wonder as a hippo mother and baby rested together on a sandy island in the murky water.

Krueger and her daughter participated in a special zoo visit designed for individuals with dementia, organized by Malteser Deutschland, which is affiliated with the global Catholic charitable organization Malteser Order of Malta.

During the same outing, fellow participant Ingrid Barkow observed elephants wandering their enclosure from her wheelchair, while 85-year-old Monika Jansen stretched up on her toes for a clearer look at the rhinoceros exhibit.

“When I get home, I’ll still be thinking about it,” said Jansen, 85. “Maybe even at night, while I’m sleeping and dreaming about it.”

These three women represent a portion of approximately 1.6 million Germans currently living with dementia, according to the Office of the National Dementia Strategy. Projections indicate this number could reach 2.8 million by 2050.

Cultural venues and museums worldwide have increasingly introduced accessible programming and specialized guided experiences in recent years, with some innovations enabled by technological developments.

Such offerings encompass sign-language interpretation for deaf and hearing-impaired visitors, tactile experiences for individuals with visual impairments, and specialized programming for people with autism.

Last year, the Berlin branch of Malteser Deutschland launched a cultural initiative in the German capital specifically targeting people with dementia.

“People with dementia aren’t very visible in our society. It’s still a major taboo subject, yet it actually affects a great many people and it’s important that they continue to be at the heart of society,” project coordinator Christine Gruschka said. “They have a right to participate, just like everyone else.”

Dementia affects millions globally, involving progressive deterioration of memory, thinking abilities, language skills and other mental functions. Individuals may experience personality changes, difficulty controlling emotions, and altered visual perception. While Alzheimer’s disease represents the most commonly known form, numerous other types exist with distinct symptoms and biological causes.

Malteser Berlin currently conducts dementia-focused visits at four venues: the zoo, the Museum of Natural History, Britzer Garden and Charlottenburg Palace, with plans to add additional sites.

“‘Normal’ tours — so-called normal tours — are often too fast, too loud, with too many people and too many distractions,” Gruschka said. “That’s why we’ve made it our goal to create programs specifically for people with dementia: Where they still feel seen, where they feel comfortable, and where they can still show that they’re still here and can still be part of it.”

Tour coordinator Carola Tembrink guided Krueger, Jansen and Barkow through the Berlin Zoo, joined by their daughters and a caregiver.

Rather than attempting to cover the zoo’s extensive attractions, Tembrink concentrated on just the hippo, rhino and elephant areas to prevent participants from becoming fatigued or overstimulated.

“The zoo is a wonderful place for tours like this because almost everyone who grew up in Berlin has been here as a child,” Tembrink said. “And especially for people with dementia, childhood memories are often still present — they just need to be jogged a bit — and that happens naturally when they see the animals, smell the air as they enter the zoo, or when they go into the rhino house and catch a different scent.”

These specialized tours provide crucial support for caregivers and family members. During challenging and sometimes frustrating periods of caring for someone with dementia, such programs offer opportunities to connect with others facing similar experiences.

While Krueger received her official dementia diagnosis last year, her daughter Kerstin Hoehne noted that symptoms had emerged more than two years earlier.

“What’s nice is that it’s also with, let’s say, like-minded people, that you’re not alone, but that you have a sense of belonging because everyone else might have the same problem,” Hoehne said.

Manuela Grudda, Barkow’s daughter, described how the zoo visit strengthened their relationship. Grudda pushed her mother’s wheelchair throughout their visit, gently touching Barkow’s shoulders and directing her attention to various animals.

“I can’t really communicate with her in a normal way, of course, but I see that when I show her something, she looks at it, she’s paying attention, and that’s important,” Grudda said. “And it just makes me happy that she’s not just in her own world, but also in this one.”

A fresh study from the Pew Research Center reveals that numerous mothers and fathers are concerned about how much time their teens dedicate to platforms like TikTok, Snapchat, and Instagram. According to the research, many parents believe these social networking sites are detrimental to their children’s psychological well-being. Additional research has demonstrated that social media represents a largely unmonitored environment where young people may encounter explicit content, human trafficking schemes, and other hazardous situations while browsing without adult oversight.

Delaware residents may enter the next cold and flu season without clear federal guidance on COVID vaccinations and updated influenza shots following a federal court decision that has frozen the nation’s key vaccine advisory committee.

U.S. District Judge Brian Murphy in Boston issued a ruling last month that suspended the operations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the expert panel that provides vaccination guidance to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The judge determined that the majority of committee members selected by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. lacked proper qualifications and ordered their decisions suspended. This action effectively restored the earlier childhood vaccination schedule that Kennedy and his supporters had attempted to overhaul.

The court’s decision has left the CDC operating without a working advisory committee to provide recommendations on new vaccines or updated applications for existing immunizations.

“It’s just uncharted territory,” said Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, who previously served as director of the CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases before departing the agency last year in opposition to Kennedy’s vaccine policy changes.

According to Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University and long-serving committee advisor, vaccines that receive FDA approval but lack committee recommendations may face insurance coverage issues and exclusion from federal vaccination programs, despite being legally available for prescription.

Kennedy has not announced whether he plans to restructure the advisory panel using his revised committee charter to work around the court decision, challenge the judge’s ruling through appeals, or pursue both strategies.

The Department of Health and Human Services, under Kennedy’s leadership, has not responded to inquiries regarding future plans for the advisory committee or the current status of vaccine recommendations.

Fall Vaccination Season in Question

The most significant uncertainty involves updated COVID-19 vaccines for the upcoming season.

Under typical circumstances, the advisory committee evaluates and updates guidance for influenza and COVID vaccinations during its June session. Annual flu vaccines benefit from established universal recommendations for individuals six months and older, which may eliminate the need for new committee approval this year, according to former CDC officials.

COVID vaccines present a different challenge, as they are also annually updated but target a more recent virus and have a shorter history of use. Under Kennedy’s leadership, the committee has placed particular emphasis on COVID vaccine safety concerns, given his long-standing opposition to vaccination programs.

“You could argue that it’s recommended because it’s on the (immunization) schedule, or that it’s not because the previous recommendations were for the 2025-26 vaccine,” explained a former CDC vaccine official who spoke anonymously regarding COVID shot recommendations.

AHIP, representing health insurance companies, has committed to covering all vaccines recommended by the advisory panel as of September 1, 2025, through the end of 2026 — a timeframe preceding major vaccination schedule modifications.

An insurance industry representative indicated that health plans will continue assessing current medical evidence and clinical recommendations from organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

The judge’s suspension order has also created uncertainty around Merck’s Enflonsia, a monoclonal antibody treatment for RSV prevention in infants that received committee approval in June under Kennedy’s appointees. Merck stated the product was not central to the legal challenge.

“We have not heard of any changes to the availability of Enflonsia,” said Claire Hannan, who leads the Association of Immunization Managers, a national organization representing state and local immunization officials.

Approved Vaccines Await Direction

Multiple vaccines that have received Food and Drug Administration approval are now waiting for committee recommendations. These include three RSV vaccines for adults aged 18-49 at elevated risk for severe illness: Pfizer’s Abrysvo, Moderna’s mResvia, and GSK’s Arexvy.

Current RSV vaccination guidelines apply only to adults 75 and older and those aged 50-74 with high risk factors. The committee was also scheduled to determine whether adults 75 and older who have received one RSV vaccination require a second dose.

Additional committee responsibilities have been suspended, including an ongoing evaluation of whether reduced HPV vaccine doses could maintain effectiveness against cervical cancer.

“That’s the type of work the ACIP should be doing,” said Dr. Jose Romero, who previously chaired the committee. “They may be derailed from that.”

The standstill could also impact vaccines anticipated to receive FDA approval later this year.

The committee’s updated charter, released earlier this month, continues to direct the panel to evaluate new vaccines at their first meeting following FDA licensing. However, without an active panel, vaccines could remain on the market indefinitely without federal recommendations.

This situation affects Moderna’s experimental mRNA-based influenza vaccine, which would be the first of its type in the United States. An FDA decision is expected by early August.

Committee recommendations would be necessary if Pfizer and Valneva’s Lyme disease vaccine receives approval. While the vaccine did not meet its primary effectiveness target, it demonstrated approximately 70% efficacy in late-stage trials, and Pfizer has announced plans to seek FDA authorization.

“If the vaccine is not fully recommended and it’s a newer vaccine, will the payers pay?” asked Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease expert at the University of Minnesota. “We don’t have any guarantee of that.”

Following a tragic mass shooting incident in Shreveport, Louisiana, medical professionals are drawing attention to the broader issues surrounding domestic violence and gun-related deaths.

NPR host Michel Martin conducted an interview with Dr. Megan Ranney, who specializes in gun violence research and works as an emergency room physician. The conversation focused on the recent shooting tragedy and its connection to domestic violence patterns that emergency medical staff frequently encounter.

The discussion comes as communities continue to grapple with the devastating impact of gun violence, particularly in cases involving domestic disputes that escalate to deadly outcomes.

Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca announced Tuesday that its medication Ultomiris successfully achieved the primary objective in a major clinical study, demonstrating decreased protein levels in urine among patients suffering from IgA nephropathy, an uncommon kidney condition.

According to the company’s preliminary data analysis, the treatment produced statistically meaningful outcomes by the 34th week in adult patients facing potential disease advancement. The pharmaceutical firm noted that protein level reductions became apparent as early as the 10th week of treatment.

IgA nephropathy represents an uncommon inflammatory kidney condition where irregular proteins accumulate within the kidneys, causing inflammation that damages their blood-filtering capabilities. Without proper treatment, this condition can advance to chronic kidney disease and potentially progress to complete kidney failure.

The pharmaceutical company stated its intention to pursue expedited regulatory approval for this new use in major global markets while extending the clinical study to evaluate kidney function changes at the 106-week mark, which serves as the trial’s secondary main objective.

The medication Ultomiris, scientifically referred to as ravulizumab, currently holds regulatory approval across the United States, European Union, and Japan for addressing specific uncommon blood conditions and neurological disorders.

According to company officials, the medication’s safety characteristics remained in line with previously established risk factors, with no additional safety issues emerging during the study.

OxyContin manufacturer Purdue Pharma faces a federal court sentencing Tuesday where a judge will likely order the company to surrender $225 million to the Justice Department, enabling a comprehensive resolution of thousands of opioid-related lawsuits.

The financial penalty stems from a 2020 agreement that resolved federal civil and criminal investigations. Once approved by the court, additional penalties will be waived in exchange for Purdue’s participation in the broader lawsuit settlement.

Following extensive legal proceedings, the settlement received judicial approval last year and is scheduled to become effective May 1. The agreement mandates that Sackler family members who control the pharmaceutical company contribute as much as $7 billion over time to state, local and tribal governments, along with individual victims and other parties.

In November 2020, Purdue entered guilty pleas to three federal criminal counts.

The Connecticut-based pharmaceutical company acknowledged failing to maintain adequate safeguards preventing its potent prescription pain medications from reaching illegal markets, despite assuring the Drug Enforcement Administration otherwise.

The company also confessed to compensating physicians through speaker programs to promote prescriptions and paying an electronic health records firm to provide doctors with patient data designed to increase opioid prescribing.

Although Purdue manufactured only a small percentage of opioid pills that saturated markets during the 2000s, critics have consistently pointed to OxyContin’s aggressive marketing as a catalyst for the crisis. During a 1996 sales meeting, Richard Sackler, who served as a senior executive and later company president, urged staff to create a “blizzard of prescriptions.”

Despite Purdue’s anticipated $225 million payment, federal authorities agreed through the plea arrangement to forgo collecting $5.3 billion in criminal penalties and fines plus $2.8 billion in civil damages. Instead, portions of those amounts are incorporated into the comprehensive settlement, with the federal government receiving a minimal share.

The extensive settlement requires Sackler family ownership to provide up to $7 billion across 15 years. The majority of funds will support government efforts to combat the opioid epidemic.

This represents one of the largest among numerous recent settlements involving pharmaceutical manufacturers, distributors and pharmacies, and stands as the sole major agreement providing compensation for individual victims or their families.

Combined, these settlements exceed $50 billion in value, with most resources designated for addressing the overdose crisis.

The Purdue agreement provides lawsuit protection for Sackler family members regarding opioid claims from parties accepting the settlement terms.

Purdue will dissolve and be succeeded by Knoa Pharma, a new entity operating for public benefit with state-appointed board oversight.

This corporate restructuring ranks among the most complex ever undertaken. By late last year, Purdue had compensated legal firms and other professionals representing all parties more than $1 billion, according to court documents.

Sackler family members have faced widespread criticism as primary figures in the opioid crisis, accused of prioritizing profits despite mounting evidence of OxyContin addiction and overdoses.

However, no family members faced criminal charges.

Between 2008 and 2018, family members collected $10.7 billion from Purdue. Company payments to the family ceased in 2018, and the final family member departed the board in 2019.

The settlement allows for removal of their names from museums and institutions they have supported, a process already underway at various organizations.

More than 54,000 individuals with personal injury claims supported the settlement, while 218 opposed it.

Nevertheless, some victims and relatives continue challenging the agreement, arguing both the settlement and guilty plea fail to deliver adequate justice for a crisis connected to 900,000 American deaths since 1999.

Tuesday’s sentencing provides another opportunity for critics to present their concerns to the court.

Susan Ousterman lost her son Tyler Cordiero at age 24 in 2020 following a fatal overdose involving fentanyl after years struggling with heroin and other opioids. She coordinated other bereaved families to submit victim impact statements before sentencing.

Her goal was convincing the judge to reject the plea agreement and encouraging the Justice Department to pursue individual criminal charges, including against Sackler family members.

“It shouldn’t be going to states and municipalities,” Ousterman stated, highlighting that some governments haven’t utilized received funds while others have spent money on initiatives barely connected to fighting the drug crisis. “They’re not using that money effectively.”

Maryland State Police officials are calling on residents to bring their unwanted prescription medications to collection sites this Saturday as part of a nationwide drug disposal initiative.

The National Prescription Drug Take Back Day event will run from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Saturday, April 25, 2026, at Maryland State Police facilities across the state. Residents can drop off expired or unused medications without any questions being asked.

Due to ongoing construction work, the Forestville Barrack has temporarily moved its operations. Prince George’s County residents should instead visit the College Park Barrack for medication disposal during the event.

Beyond this special event, Maryland State Police facilities maintain secure collection containers that operate around the clock throughout the year. Residents can find their nearest location by visiting the Maryland State Police website at https://mdsp.maryland.gov/Organization/Pages/FieldOperationsBureau/allbarracks.aspx.

The twice-yearly initiative represents a partnership between the Drug Enforcement Administration and police departments across the country. Officials say the program offers residents a secure and confidential method to get rid of potentially dangerous medications while raising awareness about prescription drug abuse.

The previous collection event in October demonstrated strong community participation, with the DEA gathering over 11,000 pounds of medications from 95 locations throughout Maryland, involving 28 different law enforcement agencies. Maryland State Police contributed more than 1,700 pounds to that total.

Individual Maryland State Police facility collections from October 2025 included:

• Centreville Barrack: 582 pounds
• Frederick Barrack: 243+ pounds
• Annapolis Barrack: 174+ pounds
• Hagerstown Barrack: 106+ pounds
• Cumberland Barrack: 83+ pounds

Since launching their participation in 2014, Maryland State Police have facilitated the removal of approximately 36,000 pounds of prescription medications through this program.

Additional information about Maryland’s efforts to address overdose issues can be found at the state’s Office of Overdose Response website: https://stopoverdose.maryland.gov.

The widespread adoption of GLP-1 weight loss medications is creating unexpected changes in America’s $40 billion cannabis industry, forcing dispensaries to modify their approach to customer service and product recommendations.

Cannabis users taking these weight loss drugs have been sharing experiences online about reduced appetite and questions regarding how the medications might alter marijuana’s traditional effects, especially the hunger-inducing sensation commonly called “the munchies.”

Dispensaries are responding to these customer concerns despite limited scientific research on the interaction. Stoops NYC, located in Manhattan’s Flatiron area, reports they now frequently suggest lower-dose edibles, vaping products, or liquid tinctures for clients using GLP-1 treatments.

A significant concern involves how these medications affect digestion. Since GLP-1 drugs reduce the speed of stomach emptying, cannabis edibles may take longer to produce effects, potentially causing users to consume additional doses prematurely and experience unexpectedly intense results.

“As (GLP) adoption accelerates, we are exploring ways to provide clearer guidance at the point of sale,” explained Wendy Bronfein, co-founder and chief brand officer at Curio Wellness.

Scientific investigation into this connection is beginning to expand. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has approved a clinical study this year examining tirzepatide, the main component in Eli Lilly’s weight loss treatments, as a possible therapy for cannabis dependency.

Dr. Nora Volkow, the agency’s director, reported that reviews of patient medical records revealed diabetic individuals prescribed GLP-1 medications like semaglutide showed notably improved outcomes regarding cannabis use disorders compared to those receiving alternative diabetes treatments.

Brigham and Women’s Hospital plans to launch an additional research study before the year ends.

Customer habits appear to be evolving in additional ways. According to Steph Woods, vice president of sales at SōRSE Technology, some consumers are replacing alcohol with cannabis, while others are moving toward more purposeful usage for managing sleep issues or reducing stress.

Information from Realm of Caring, a cannabis education nonprofit, reveals increased consumer interest in understanding connections between marijuana and metabolism. Throughout 2024, their cannabis helpline’s most frequent inquiries have included searches for “THC for weight loss,” “weed strains that suppress appetite,” and “edibles that don’t make you hungry.”

Industry professionals recommend proceeding carefully, emphasizing that much current evidence comes from personal accounts rather than controlled studies. “There is no one plus one equals two scenario here,” stated Michael Flemmens, executive vice president of research at SōRSE Technology, highlighting that individual metabolism, dosage amounts, tolerance levels, and specific GLP-1 drug types all influence outcomes.

Growing fascination with mind-altering drugs has sparked a new industry trend: multi-day psychedelic retreats where participants pay thousands for drug-assisted experiences promising mental health benefits and spiritual growth.

Across the globe, hundreds of companies now operate these retreat centers, but recent research published in JAMA Network Open reveals significant safety gaps in an unregulated industry. Scientists who examined dozens of these operations found they carry “potential for physical, psychological, and interpersonal harms” despite many having safety protocols.

The timing is notable as President Donald Trump recently signed an executive order Saturday directing federal agencies to fast-track reviews of psychedelics for treating conditions like PTSD. The order also instructs law enforcement to reduce restrictions on any psychedelic drugs approved by the FDA.

So far, only MDMA has undergone FDA review, but regulators rejected it as a PTSD treatment in 2024 over safety and effectiveness concerns. Currently, no psychedelic substances have received federal approval in the United States.

“The sheer visibility of psychedelics has led to more demand for these retreats,” explained Brad Burge, who has spent nearly two decades working with psychedelic organizations, pharmaceutical companies and retreat operators. “That growing market has allowed retreats to expand their services, hire more medical and coaching staff and take safety more seriously than we’ve ever seen in the past.”

Dr. John Krystal from Yale School of Medicine, who studies this field, emphasized that psychedelics should be treated as “a serious medical procedure that carries risks that must be carefully managed.”

Most substances offered at these retreats remain federally illegal, including psilocybin mushrooms, ayahuasca, MDMA and LSD. While some retreat operators claim protection under religious exemptions, only select groups like the Native American Church have obtained legitimate legal status for ceremonial peyote use.

Many retreats operate in countries with different drug laws, particularly Peru and Brazil, where Indigenous communities have used ayahuasca – a plant-based psychedelic brew – for hundreds of years.

The lack of industry standards creates challenges for potential participants, according to Joshua White, who founded the Fireside Project, a support hotline for people experiencing difficult psychedelic episodes.

“If there is no regulation, what does that mean about the quality of care you’re going to have?” White questioned. “I certainly fear that there could be a race to the bottom where there is no liability or accountability.”

Amy McGuire, a biomedical ethics expert at Baylor College of Medicine who co-authored the research study, stressed the importance of thorough investigation before attending any retreat.

“It’s really important that somebody interested in a psychedelic retreat do their research, talk to the organizers or facilitators to get more information about what is being offered and how,” McGuire advised.

The research team documented varying practices across retreat centers, with some offering multiple psychedelic substances during single programs. While many employ healthcare professionals, their duties and qualifications often remain unclear. Concerning practices include medical staff participating in drug experiences alongside clients, potentially compromising their ability to handle emergencies.

Essential questions for evaluating retreats include whether staff possess emergency medical training and equipment, proximity to hospitals with reliable transportation, and adequate time devoted to participant preparation and post-experience support.

Medical screening presents another critical safety concern. Over half the surveyed retreats exclude individuals with mental health conditions like schizophrenia, which experts say is appropriate since psychedelics can worsen psychotic symptoms.

“Psychedelic drugs may worsen symptoms of psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia,” Krystal noted. “It is important that patients are carefully screened to ensure that appropriate patients enter treatment.”

However, all surveyed retreats depend entirely on participants honestly reporting their medical histories and health conditions – a potentially problematic approach.

“When you’re really desperate and hoping to access something that you think could help you, there’s an incentive not to be truthful,” McGuire observed.

Nearly 90% of retreat centers require or suggest participants discontinue certain medications, particularly antidepressants, before psychedelic experiences. These “washout periods” range from one day to six weeks, but medical experts warn that safely reducing antidepressants like Prozac requires six to 12 weeks under professional supervision.

Dr. Jeffrey Lieberman, a Columbia University psychiatrist, cautioned that “the patient needs to realize that by going off their medicine they’re at greater risk of recurrence or exacerbation of their symptoms. They should be monitored regularly to make sure nothing bad happens.”

While retreat operators cite research showing dangerous serotonin interactions between antidepressants and psychedelics, McGuire suggests business motivations may also drive medication discontinuation policies.

“There’s a business rationale for wanting people to have the maximum experience when they show up and they’re paying for these retreats,” she explained.

Pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca announced Monday that their investigational drug tozorakimab successfully achieved a “meaningful reduction” in serious flare-ups among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during a major clinical trial, adding to encouraging results from previous studies.

The medication successfully achieved its primary objective in the “MIRANDA” clinical study, providing a “statistically significant and clinically meaningful” decrease in yearly rates of moderate-to-severe COPD episodes among both active smokers and those who had quit smoking.

During the trial, participants who kept experiencing moderate-to-severe episodes while on standard inhaled treatments received either 300 mg doses of tozorakimab or an inactive placebo administered every two weeks alongside their regular therapy.

These latest findings strengthen investor confidence in the treatment’s potential following tozorakimab’s success in achieving primary endpoints in two additional late-stage studies conducted in March, where it similarly demonstrated effectiveness in reducing COPD flare-ups.

Bringing friends and family together for celebrations, holidays, or casual dinners creates valuable opportunities for human connection, though many people avoid hosting due to anxiety about preparing delicious meals and maintaining pristine homes.

Mental health professionals and experienced party hosts argue there are compelling reasons to organize gatherings and effective methods to minimize entertaining stress. As remote work increases and digital communication replaces face-to-face conversations, adults face growing risks of loneliness and social isolation.

“Oftentimes, we expect someone else to reach out to us. But if the vast majority of people are expecting someone else to do it, then it’s going to become a rare thing,” said Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychology professor at Brigham Young University and the lead author of a 2023 U.S. surgeon general’s report on the widespread health risks of loneliness.

Experienced event organizers recommend focusing on creating genuine interactions rather than achieving perfection to reduce hosting anxiety. They suggest planning engaging activities for guests, keeping menus straightforward, and requesting assistance to ensure everyone can participate and have fun.

“When we are more socially connected, we are not only happier, but we’re healthier and live longer,” Holt-Lunstad said.

Madeline Johnson, 24, shares party recipes, decorating advice, and backyard celebration ideas on social media as Madeline May. She began hosting events because she craved social connections.

“As an only child, I always wanted community,” said Johnson, who organized approximately twelve large gatherings with friends and five intimate family events last year. “I started to realize if I wanted that village around me that I would have to build it on my own.”

Johnson now encourages others to develop confidence in inviting guests and facilitating relationships between them.

“There’s just way too much unnecessary pressure that makes people feel like the bar to host is up here when it’s much lower,” Johnson said.

Being naturally introverted, she prefers organizing activities like painting flower vases or answering trivia questions to ease initial social anxiety, particularly when groups include strangers.

Having guests contribute different dishes or assigning collaborative tasks like table setting can stimulate conversation while reducing the host’s workload, Holt-Lunstad explained.

“In the U.S., we are so time deprived and have over-scheduled everything that it is difficult to sit down and be present, but a meal allows us to do that. We should not underestimate the power of what food can do,” she said.

Communal appetizers including charcuterie and grazing platters, along with make-ahead dishes such as casseroles and soups, are streamlining modern entertaining by minimizing day-of kitchen time and simplifying service and cleanup.

Oregon-based chef and cookbook author Josh McFadden, recognized for transforming seasonal produce into accessible, shareable meals, discusses in his writing how grazing-style dining originated from communal farm tables.

Butter boards, featuring softened or whipped butter spread on platters and topped with honey, herbs, or spices for dipping with bread and crackers, represent a contemporary variation that has become trendy.

“You can put a lot of variety and textures and different flavors into things in an easier way, showing off the seasonality of the food. It becomes a mobile meal,” McFadden said in an interview with The Associated Press. “It also creates conversation, and it’s just a fun way to eat.”

Arranging food on platters for communal picking provides efficient guest service, he noted. McFadden also recommends incorporating store-purchased items and asking guests to contribute specific dishes or drinks as additional ways hosts can reduce their responsibilities.

Katie Eu, 26, who resides in New Hampshire, enjoys “bring your own” style gatherings, particularly since hosting expenses can accumulate without potluck arrangements or friend groups taking turns as hosts.

“It is pretty low pressure because what you are providing is not the food, but the space for people to gather,” Eu said.

Creating an environment for social connection holds more importance than food quality, decorative elements, or home size, according to Richard Slatcher, a social psychology professor at the University of Georgia.

“The other stuff is a bonus,” Slatcher said. “It’s really about the people.”

Opening your home to first-time visitors can feel emotionally risky since guests may form impressions about the host’s preferences, hobbies, and values through color choices, bookshelf contents, and displayed artwork and keepsakes.

Remember that vulnerability serves as a crucial component in developing genuine human relationships, noted Slatcher, who collaborated with Holt-Lunstad on research examining how attending live events can address loneliness.

Guests bear responsibility for making social gatherings meaningful for themselves and their hosts, Holt-Lunstad emphasized.

“If you’re passively being an attendee, you are not going to feel connected,” she said.

For Johnson, guests failing to confirm attendance, arriving late, or not appearing at all create significant stress.

“I put my heart and soul into everything,” she said. “If you want to truly be a good guest, put the invitation on your calendar, don’t double book yourself and try to show up on time.”

Guests demonstrate respect for hosts by cleaning up appropriately and avoiding overstaying their welcome, according to Eu.

“Hosting is hard, so being aware of space that you’re coming into and space you’re taking up” matters, she said.

Former dairy farmer Bryan Vander Dussen has discovered an unexpected new business venture. After transitioning to beef ranching, he and his wife now transform organ fat from their livestock into skincare balms that customers eagerly apply to their faces.

The biggest challenge? Developing formulations that don’t leave users smelling like dinner.

“You see it everywhere, so we were like, ‘Why don’t we do this?’” Vander Dussen explained. “Some of the feedback is, ‘We don’t want to smell like beef,’ so we add things like lavender and wild orange to kind of counter that potential beef smell.”

Animal-derived skincare products, ranging from beef tallow moisturizers to salmon DNA facial treatments, have captured consumer attention in recent years. These products are being marketed as natural substitutes for synthetic alternatives and are appearing everywhere from social media feeds to luxury spas, farmers’ markets, and home kitchens.

Some researchers link this trend to growing concerns about chemical exposure and messaging from the Make America Healthy Again movement promoting animal-based products.

“There’s been a movement in the last couple of years to embrace animal-based foods,” noted Norah MacKendrick, an associate professor of sociology at Rutgers University who studies consumer concerns about chemicals in personal care items. “I think some of that is probably spilling over into the cosmetic world.”

Natalee Keenan, 31, was searching for natural skincare options when she decided to experiment with tallow. While her initial purchase felt heavy and had a meaty texture, the western Pennsylvania resident recently discovered a whipped tallow balm with coconut scent that feels much lighter on her skin.

“I use it sparingly,” Keenan said, noting that a small amount keeps her skin feeling smooth.

However, medical professionals express caution about the lack of scientific evidence supporting these products’ effectiveness.

The cosmetics industry abandoned many animal-derived ingredients decades ago due to concerns about animal testing and disease outbreaks like mad cow disease, according to Perry Romanowski, an independent cosmetic chemist who studies skincare ingredient formulation.

These concerns, combined with the rise of vegan beauty products, led many brands to eliminate animal-based ingredients entirely. Recently, however, some of these materials have returned to skincare products, often marketed as natural alternatives.

Jamie Moody, founder of Sonoma Mountain Beef in Northern California, began creating tallow products to minimize waste. “Since the trend toward clean products remains strong, I believe the market will continue to grow,” she said.

Vander Dussen, the California rancher, acknowledged he and his wife are “just kind of jumping onto the fad that’s already there.” He added: “In today’s world, it’s very important not only what you are putting on your face but where it comes from.”

Kelly Pratt, who operates a spa in Tampa, Florida, reports increased demand for treatments like salmon DNA facials because clients notice improvements over time. Cassandra Hutchison, an aesthetician providing these treatments at the spa, says the ingredient aims to repair skin and reduce inflammation. She claims it enhances hydration, improves skin appearance, and repairs damage to the protective outer layer that retains moisture and blocks irritants.

While pricing varies, a container of tallow balm at Target costs approximately $15 more than petroleum jelly. Although some salmon-based products like masks are available for home use, many require professional spa application, increasing costs. Despite this, consumer interest remains high, with Google searches for terms like “beef tallow for skin” increasing significantly in recent years.

Converting animal waste into usable products represents a form of sustainability, experts acknowledge.

However, neither beef tallow nor salmon DNA have substantial medical research supporting their effectiveness, according to Dr. Angelo Landriscina, a New York City dermatologist who uses social media to address skincare misinformation.

Dr. Heather Rogers, a Seattle dermatologist, agrees there’s no medical evidence supporting tallow’s skin benefits. She warns it can become rancid and difficult to apply, while additives used to improve scent may cause irritation.

Romanowski, the cosmetic chemist, advises consumers to maintain realistic expectations. He notes only a few skincare ingredients, including retinol (a vitamin A derivative used for reducing fine lines and wrinkles) and niacinamide (a form of vitamin B3 that helps with redness and strengthens skin), have strong scientific backing. Other ingredients may provide only minor benefits that consumers might not notice.

Corrin Dial, 32, operates Lowcountry Family Farms with her husband in South Carolina. Neither grew up farming, but they decided to pursue it after his military service ended.

Dial began experimenting with whipped tallow about two years ago while seeking a natural balm for her baby. She believes many people choose these products to avoid chemicals, citing a customer with cancer whose doctor advised caution with topical products. “A lot of people are moving away from the chemical stuff, they’re trying to get into healthy eating and using more products where they know exactly where it came from,” she said.

MacKendrick, the Rutgers sociologist, suggests that mothers, who have become increasingly concerned about chemical effects on children, may be driving the shift toward animal-based cosmetic products.

“We find that mothers are making these decisions for the household,” MacKendrick explained. “Buying cosmetics for children or personal care products for children is considered high-stakes work.”

Landriscina observed that ingredients like salmon-based skincare being promoted as “the hottest new thing” can stem from beliefs that other cultures, particularly in places like Korea, are more advanced or innovative in skincare. This differs from the “back to basics” mindset that attracts people to ingredients like beef tallow. Regardless of whether people prefer traditional or novel approaches, he emphasizes that skincare decisions should be based on scientific evidence.

Romanowski notes the beauty industry faces constant pressure to introduce new products.

“You should think of the cosmetic industry more like the fashion industry because you can only do so much with the shirt, right?” Romanowski explained. “You can change the color, you can do some aesthetics thing, but it’s still a shirt and it’s the same thing with cosmetics.”

Michael Nalewaja had rebuilt his life after battling addiction as a teenager. The 36-year-old electrician was living peacefully in Alaska, nearly two decades removed from his struggles with substance abuse.

But just before Thanksgiving 2025, his life ended tragically when he and a friend unknowingly consumed a deadly mixture of fentanyl and carfentanil, possibly believing they were using cocaine.

“I heard the word ‘autopsy’ and I literally just collapsed to the floor,” his mother, Kelley Nalewaja said, describing the devastating phone call from his wife. “Even if somebody had been there prepared with Narcan — even if somebody had called 911 in time — he was not going to survive.”

Law enforcement officials describe carfentanil as a military-grade substance that is 10,000 times more powerful than morphine and 100 times more potent than fentanyl. This extremely dangerous chemical is experiencing a dramatic comeback throughout the United States, claiming the lives of hundreds of unsuspecting users.

This alarming trend appears connected to recent enforcement actions by Chinese authorities targeting the chemicals used to produce fentanyl. These new restrictions are likely forcing Mexican drug traffickers to turn to carfentanil as a way to strengthen their weakened fentanyl products, according to intelligence reports from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration that The Associated Press obtained.

The return of this extraordinarily lethal substance comes at a time when fentanyl confiscations and drug overdose fatalities have been decreasing for multiple years. An amount smaller than a poppy seed can prove fatal to a human being.

“You’re talking about not even a grain of salt that could be potentially lethal,” said Frank Tarentino, the DEA’s chief of operations for its northeast region, which stretches from Maine to Virginia. “This presents an extremely frightening proposition for substance abuse dependent people who seek opioids on the street today.”

Ten years ago, carfentanil first appeared in significant quantities in the North American illegal drug market, leading to hundreds of fatal overdoses among users who had no idea what they were consuming. The crisis subsided after China prohibited the substance, eliminating a significant regulatory gap in the United States.

However, the landscape has changed drastically in recent years.

DEA laboratory analysis identified carfentanil in U.S. drug confiscations 1,400 times during 2025, a massive increase from 145 instances in 2023 and just 54 in 2022, according to DEA documentation reviewed by the Associated Press.

Mexican drug organizations may be attempting to manufacture carfentanil on their own, law enforcement believes, while others might be obtaining it from Chinese suppliers who are circumventing their country’s restrictions by advertising the substance on international online platforms.

The extreme hazards involved in producing carfentanil create additional challenges for criminal organizations, Tarentino explained.

“You can’t just dabble in this,” he said. “This is not some mad scientist on Reddit you’re going to get to go out to a rudimentary laboratory in Mexico to make carfentanil.”

American overdose fatalities have declined for more than two years, marking the longest sustained decrease in decades. Researchers attribute this improvement to several factors, including greater availability of the overdose-reversing medication naloxone and expanded access to addiction treatment programs. Some also connect it to the regulatory modifications the United States has advocated for in China.

Medical professionals warn that even multiple large doses of naloxone may prove insufficient to counteract an overdose involving carfentanil.

Confiscations of fentanyl and other illegal substances have also decreased. U.S. Customs and Border Protection data shows fentanyl seizures dropped to approximately 12,000 pounds in 2025, less than half the quantity confiscated in 2023.

Despite declining fentanyl statistics, it continues to be a primary concern for the DEA. The agency’s recent budget proposal included a $362 million funding increase specifically targeting cartel-related fentanyl trafficking operations.

“Anyone who takes a pill that is not prescribed to them by their doctor is playing a game of Russian roulette with their life,” said Sara Carter, President Donald Trump’s drug czar. “But if those terrorists think they can continue this chemical warfare without consequences, they are wrong.”

Although carfentanil’s presence remains much smaller compared to fentanyl, experts express serious concern about the increase of a compound that has been studied for years as a chemical weapon and was used by Russian military forces against Chechen separatists in 2002.

The DEA’s yearly allowance for legally produced carfentanil is only 20 grams, an amount small enough to hold in one’s palm. Veterinarians use it to sedate elephants and other massive animals.

“It’s like a biological weapon,” said Michael King Jr., founder of the Opioid Awareness Foundation. “If the world thinks we had a problem with fentanyl, that’s minute compared to what we’re going to be dealing with with carfentanil.”

Fatal overdoses involving carfentanil nearly tripled in 2024 compared to the year before, with 413 deaths recorded across 42 states and Washington, D.C., based on the latest information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“Carfentanil definitely has that potential of spreading throughout the United States unless law enforcement really focuses in on carfentanil and they develop intelligence as to how these drug addicts are getting it,” said Mike Vigil, a former chief of international operations at the DEA.

Federal agents have documented multiple major carfentanil seizures in recent months. In October, the DEA Los Angeles Field Division discovered 628,000 pills containing carfentanil, while in September, authorities confiscated more than 50,000 fake M30 pills from an individual at a Washington state gas station that contained a combination of carfentanil and acetaminophen.

Some chronic drug users have developed tolerance to fentanyl and are actively seeking carfentanil, despite its dangers, because of the intense high it produces, explained Rob Tanguay, senior medical lead for addiction services with Recovery Alberta, a Canadian health organization. The substance attracts dealers because such small quantities can supply a large market.

“The toughest part about all of this,” he said, “is that this is all about money.”

Following Michael Nalewaja’s death, his mother chose not to hold a large funeral service.

Instead, she organized a community meeting in her hometown of El Dorado Hills, California, gathering local leaders and other mothers who had experienced similar tragedies.

While mourning her son, a talented salesman with natural charisma who had recently received a national recognition from the electrical union, she is advocating for significant legislative and judicial reforms to prevent other families from enduring what she experienced due to a substance she says was never intended for human consumption.

“It’s not an OD; it’s not an overdose,” she said. “It’s a murder weapon.”

During congressional testimony on Friday, Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. defended America’s handling of measles outbreaks, asserting the nation outperforms all others globally in containing the disease’s spread.

Kennedy made these statements while appearing before lawmakers to justify proposed budget reductions exceeding 12% for his department during his first congressional appearance in several months.

“The measles outbreak is not an American phenomenon. It is global. It’s happening all over the world. And we’ve done better under my leadership than any country in the world in limiting it,” Kennedy stated during the hearing.

While measles cases are indeed climbing worldwide, with countries like Mexico, Canada, and Bangladesh experiencing significant outbreaks—including over 100 child deaths in Bangladesh—health experts question Kennedy’s assessment of America’s progress.

Data reveals the United States faces worsening protection against measles transmission due to declining immunization rates. Public health specialists have criticized Kennedy’s approach to addressing rising case numbers, noting his hesitancy to champion vaccination efforts while questioning vaccine safety and promoting unproven treatments.

The country currently experiences its most severe measles resurgence since 1991, with 2026 case numbers already exceeding last year’s record-breaking figures. This trend threatens America’s measles elimination status, maintained for 26 years.

Given measles’ extreme contagiousness, preventing outbreaks requires 95% vaccination coverage. National immunization rates have dropped from 95.2% during the 2019-20 academic year to 92.5% in 2024-25, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics.

Federal officials announced Friday that American-backed HIV treatment programs reached 20.6 million individuals worldwide by September of last year, according to the State Department. Of that total, 3 million people received care through their own national healthcare systems rather than directly through the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, known as PEPFAR.

Since launching in 2003 during the George W. Bush administration, PEPFAR has become the globe’s most significant HIV/AIDS program, credited with saving 26 million lives and preventing HIV transmission to 7.8 million infants born to mothers with the virus.

Following President Donald Trump’s inauguration on January 20, nearly all American foreign assistance was placed under a 90-day suspension. However, the State Department clarified within days that life-saving HIV treatment through PEPFAR would remain operational.

Despite continuing treatment services, most HIV prevention initiatives have been reduced, including pre-exposure prophylaxis programs that provide HIV-blocking medications to individuals at high risk of contracting the virus.

Revival Animal Health, based in Orange City, Iowa, has issued a voluntary recall of two puppy milk replacement products after discovering inconsistent vitamin D concentrations in their formulations.

The company is pulling Breeder’s Edge Foster Care Canine milk replacer and Shelter’s Choice Canine milk replacer from store shelves due to unpredictable vitamin D levels that range from dangerously high to inadequately low amounts.

The recall affects puppy milk substitute products that are typically used to feed orphaned or rejected newborn dogs when mother’s milk is unavailable.

Pet owners who have purchased these products are advised to discontinue use immediately and consult with their veterinarian if their puppies have consumed the recalled milk replacers.

The head of pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly believes that popular weight-loss medications will eventually serve only around half of Americans who could benefit from them, citing healthcare system barriers and financial obstacles.

David Ricks, CEO of Eli Lilly, shared this projection during a Washington conference on Friday, noting that currently just one in ten overweight or obese individuals are using GLP-1 medications.

“It’s never going to be a hundred,” Ricks explained. “For institutional reasons in healthcare and some other complexities in managing health, it’s never going to be that high.”

The executive drew comparisons to cholesterol-lowering statins, which despite being affordable and widely available, are used by only 40-50% of patients who would benefit from them. “Between 40 and 50% of people who should be on them, are on them. I think of that as maybe a ceiling,” he said.

Eli Lilly and competitor Novo Nordisk are battling for dominance in the rapidly expanding GLP-1 market, which industry experts predict could exceed $100 billion annually within the next ten years.

Lilly’s newest oral weight-loss medication, Foundayo, generated 1,390 prescriptions during its debut week in the United States, according to industry data from IQVIA. This compares to Novo’s competing oral medication Wegovy, which recorded 3,071 prescriptions in its first four days after launching in January.

Manufacturing capacity presents another significant challenge, according to Ricks. He estimates that serving 50% of potential candidates worldwide would mean treating approximately 500 million people.

“Today we’re treating 21 or 22 million,” the CEO said. “So, can we basically 20-fold that production? Not anytime soon.”

“It will take a long time to do that. There is no real efficiency gain left, we’ve just got to put in more units of capacity. And we will do that, but that capex rollout is expensive and slow,” he said.

Cost remains a major barrier for many patients interested in these treatments. Monthly expenses for GLP-1 medications range from $149 to $349 for those paying out of pocket, making them unaffordable for many Americans.

Obesity medicine doctors told reporters that patients are particularly interested in pill forms as more affordable, injection-free alternatives to medications like Lilly’s Zepbound.

Ricks acknowledged the affordability crisis, stating that access has historically been limited to those with financial means. “The history has been, it’s really been for people with means and not for people without means,” Ricks acknowledged, “and I think we need to change that.”

“I think it’s a moral imperative, but also it’s a cost imperative. Obesity flows with poverty,” Ricks said.

A California ice cream manufacturer has issued a comprehensive recall of all its retail products after discovering they were distributed without proper ingredient labeling, potentially exposing consumers to undeclared allergens.

Loard’s Ice Cream, operated by Silver Moon LP in San Leandro, California, announced the voluntary recall affects all products sold in retail packaging. The company stated the items were shipped to stores without ingredient labels, meaning they contain allergens and additives that are not disclosed to consumers.

The recall covers products that may contain undeclared milk, eggs, tree nuts, peanuts, soy, wheat, sulfites, and food coloring additives. Health officials warn that individuals with allergies or severe sensitivities to these substances could face serious or potentially life-threatening reactions if they consume the unlabeled products.

The Food and Drug Administration announced the recall as part of its ongoing food safety monitoring efforts. Consumers who have purchased Loard’s Ice Cream products are advised to check their freezers and dispose of any items from the company.

Anyone who has consumed the recalled ice cream and experienced an allergic reaction should seek medical attention immediately. The company is working with federal regulators to address the labeling issue and prevent future incidents.

President Donald Trump announced Thursday his selection of Erica Schwartz, who previously held the position of deputy surgeon general, to serve as the next head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Trump praised Schwartz on social media, calling her “incredibly talented” and declaring, “She is a STAR!”

The federal health agency, headquartered in Atlanta and tasked with safeguarding Americans against preventable disease outbreaks, has experienced significant leadership instability since Trump took office more than a year ago, cycling through multiple acting directors.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. oversees the organization and had initially pledged to maintain existing vaccination protocols. However, after assuming his role, Kennedy announced plans to review childhood immunization guidelines and attempted major changes to pediatric vaccine recommendations. A federal judge recently halted some of these initiatives.

The administration initially chose former Florida Representative Dr. David Weldon to lead the CDC, but his Senate confirmation hearing scheduled for March 2025 was abruptly cancelled just one hour beforehand. Weldon later revealed he was informed that insufficient senators supported his nomination.

The White House subsequently turned to Susan Monarez, who had been filling the acting director role. While the Senate confirmed Monarez, she was removed from the position within a month. Trump administration officials stated her termination resulted from misalignment with their priorities.

Multiple senior CDC scientists stepped down in protest following Monarez’s removal, expressing concern that her dismissal eliminated hopes for agency leadership that could protect scientific research and health guidance from political interference.

Following this upheaval, the agency has seen constant turnover in leadership, with various Health and Human Services officials from Washington temporarily filling the acting director position. Jay Bhattacharya, who directs the National Institutes of Health, has been managing CDC operations in recent weeks.

Speaking at a House Appropriations Committee session Thursday, Kennedy praised the incoming CDC leadership team as “extraordinary.”

“I think this new team is really going to be able to revolutionize CDC and get it back on track,” he said.

Schwartz brings extensive educational background to the role, having earned both medical and legal degrees. Her professional experience centers primarily on military service, including a leadership role with the U.S. Coast Guard where she managed operations for 41 medical facilities and 150 treatment centers.

In her subsequent role as deputy surgeon general, she helped direct uniformed healthcare professionals stationed at the CDC and other federal health agencies serving American citizens.

Attempts to reach Schwartz for comment were unsuccessful.

Trump simultaneously announced additional appointments: Sean Slovenski, a former Walmart executive, will serve as CDC deputy director and chief operating officer. Dr. Jennifer Shuford, currently Texas health commissioner, received the appointment as CDC deputy director and chief medical officer. Dr. Sara Brenner, previously with the Food and Drug Administration, was designated as Kennedy’s senior public health counselor.

Kennedy celebrated these appointments on social media Thursday, expressing his anticipation for collaborative efforts to “restore trust, accountability, and scientific integrity” within the CDC.

However, Aaron Siri, an attorney and Kennedy associate known for challenging vaccines and pharmaceutical companies, voiced opposition to Schwartz’s selection. Siri criticized her history of supporting vaccination programs and claimed “she lacks the basic ethics and morals to lead the CDC.”

This nomination occurs while Dr. Casey Means, Trump’s choice for U.S. surgeon general, continues facing confirmation challenges.

The prolonged delay in confirming Means following her February confirmation hearing demonstrates the bipartisan congressional concerns regarding Kennedy’s departmental direction.

President Donald Trump announced Thursday his selection of Erica Schwartz, who previously served as deputy surgeon general, to lead the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Trump praised his nominee in a social media announcement, calling Schwartz “incredibly talented” and declaring, “She is a STAR!”

The federal health agency, headquartered in Atlanta and responsible for safeguarding Americans against preventable health risks, has experienced significant leadership instability since Trump’s return to the presidency over a year ago, cycling through multiple temporary directors.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. oversees the agency and had initially pledged to maintain current vaccination schedules. However, after assuming his role, Kennedy announced plans to examine childhood vaccination protocols and attempted major changes to pediatric vaccine guidelines. A federal judge recently halted some of these initiatives.

The administration’s initial choice for CDC leadership was former Florida Representative Dr. David Weldon, but his scheduled March 2025 Senate confirmation hearing was abruptly cancelled just one hour beforehand. Weldon explained he was informed that insufficient senators supported his nomination.

The White House subsequently turned to Susan Monarez, who had been fulfilling the role as acting director. While the Senate confirmed Monarez, she was removed from the position within a month. Administration officials stated her removal was due to misalignment with their policy objectives.

Multiple senior CDC scientists stepped down in objection, explaining that Monarez’s firing destroyed their confidence that a CDC director could protect the agency’s scientific work and health guidance from political interference.

Following this period, the agency has experienced constant leadership changes, with various Washington-based Health and Human Services officials temporarily filling the acting director position. National Institutes of Health Director Jay Bhattacharya has supervised the CDC in recent weeks.

During Thursday’s House Appropriations Committee session, Kennedy praised the incoming CDC team as “extraordinary.”

“I think this new team is really going to be able to revolutionize CDC and get it back on track,” he said.

This nomination announcement coincides with confirmation challenges facing Dr. Casey Means, Trump’s selection for U.S. surgeon general, another significant health leadership position.

Means’ stalled confirmation process following her February hearing demonstrates the bipartisan congressional concerns regarding Kennedy’s departmental direction.

A troubling pattern has emerged in colon cancer deaths among younger Americans, with new research showing the increase is heavily concentrated among individuals who didn’t complete a four-year college education.

The study, published Thursday in JAMA Oncology, marks the first national research to identify which groups are most impacted by the concerning uptick in colorectal cancer fatalities among young adults. High-profile cases like actor Chadwick Boseman’s death in 2020 and James Van Der Beek’s recent diagnosis have brought attention to this growing health crisis.

Researchers from the American Cancer Society analyzed government records of more than 101,000 adults between ages 25 and 49 who succumbed to colorectal cancer between 1994 and 2023. Their findings revealed that virtually all increases in young adult deaths from this disease occurred among people lacking bachelor’s degrees.

The data shows colorectal cancer death rates in this age group climbed from approximately 3 per 100,000 to about 4 per 100,000 over the study period. However, among those with only high school education, rates jumped from 4 to 5.2 per 100,000, while rates for college graduates remained steady at 2.7 per 100,000.

Education level itself doesn’t determine cancer risk, but serves as an indicator of broader socioeconomic challenges. Individuals without degrees typically face lower incomes, limited access to healthcare, poor nutrition, and reduced physical activity levels.

Dr. Paolo Boffetta from Stony Brook Cancer Center in New York, who wasn’t part of the research team, noted the significance of the findings. “It’s not totally unexpected that the death risk is concentrated in the less advantaged, but the paper published Thursday in JAMA Oncology is the first national study to actually show the connection,” Boffetta said.

Lead researcher Ahmedin Jemal emphasized that these results highlight the importance of public education about colorectal cancer and adherence to screening guidelines for younger adults. Warning signs include bloody stools, persistent changes in bowel movements, unexplained weight loss, and ongoing abdominal discomfort.

The American Cancer Society projects over 158,000 new colorectal cancer diagnoses nationwide this year. As the country’s second-deadliest cancer after lung cancer, it’s anticipated to cause more than 55,000 deaths in 2026.

While deaths among adults under 50 represent roughly 7% of total colorectal cancer fatalities—approximately 3,900 cases—this demographic now faces the highest cancer mortality rate in their age group. Since 2005, colorectal cancer deaths in Americans under 50 have increased by 1.1% annually.

The underlying causes of this increase remain unclear to scientists. Known risk factors include excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, diets heavy in red and processed meats but low in produce, and family cancer history. In response to rising cases, the American Cancer Society updated its screening recommendations in 2021, lowering the suggested starting age from 50 to 45.

Researchers focused on education levels because death certificates routinely record educational attainment but lack details about income or other lifestyle factors. Previous studies have shown education data often correlates with information about earnings, insurance coverage, exercise habits, and chronic health conditions.

“The focus on education is really (due to) something which was available in the data,” Boffetta observed.

NEW YORK (AP) — Prior to receiving her autism diagnosis, Megan Pilatzke couldn’t understand why she returned home from work feeling completely exhausted every day.

Throughout her workdays, she struggled to figure out the right moments to contribute to discussions or when to remain quiet during meetings. She would mentally review workplace conversations afterward, concerned she had misinterpreted something or responded inappropriately. Loud workplace settings caused her distress. She observed colleagues advancing in their careers while she remained in the same position.

“I would come home burnt-out, anxious,” Pilatzke said of her days working as an insurance claim specialist. “That just kept going, week after week, day after day.”

Following her diagnosis, her workplace struggles with communication, noise sensitivity and other challenges finally made sense, she explained.

Today, the 36-year-old dedicates her career to educating employers about creating more supportive work environments for individuals with autism. She serves as an inclusion specialist with Specialisterne Canada, a nonprofit organization that assists companies in better supporting neurodivergent employees.

She has also changed her perspective on characteristics commonly linked to autism, now recognizing her capacity for intense concentration and providing straightforward, honest feedback as valuable assets.

Here are several strategies to make meetings and workplace practices more accessible for people with autism, based on insights from autistic adults and neurodiversity professionals.

Autism spectrum disorder affects approximately 1 in 45 adults across the United States, according to data from Autism Speaks, a nonprofit that supports individuals with autism and their families through research funding, resource provision and advocacy efforts.

The condition manifests differently in each person but can create difficulties with social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication. Typical traits may include repetitive behaviors and heightened sensitivity to sounds.

“Start by learning about different communication styles and being open-minded,” Subodh Garg, who appeared in the first season of the Netflix reality TV show “Love on the Spectrum,” said. “Inclusion begins with giving people a chance and making space for diverse ways of thinking and working. Employers can start with small intentional steps.”

Garg works part-time at a Southern California deli, where he handles invoices and restocks pastries. He also is studying to earn a bachelors degree and is a “champion of change” advocate at Autism Speaks.

Companies may hold misconceptions about autism, when “the reality is, it is a massive spectrum,” said Rita Ramakrishnan, who is autistic and founded a consulting company that provides leadership coaching for neurodivergent executives. “There’s a community of people with much higher support needs, and then there are folks who are twice exceptional or otherwise extraordinarily high functioning. Their support needs are not as high, and their production capabilities are different. But they’re all valid autistic experiences.”

Companies should involve autistic staff members when developing policies aimed at creating more inclusive workplaces, Ramakrishnan emphasized.

“No one’s expecting you to be an expert in this, but we are expecting a level of curiosity, not judgment, and we would love the ability to have a conversation around our needs,” she said. “It doesn’t mean you have to accommodate all of them or redesign for all of them, but at least listening is the first step.”

Direct, in-person communication can present challenges for some autistic individuals, making virtual meeting participation or written communication valuable alternatives, according to specialists.

“Changing the expectations for social engagement during a meeting is really important,” Ramakrishnan said. “In a neurotypical normative situation, things like eye contact are highly prized. I trust someone who makes eye contact with me. But for an autistic person, that is a scary thing.”

Allowing participants to turn off their cameras during virtual meetings provides helpful accommodation since autistic individuals often experience pressure to “mask” their authentic behaviors by copying the facial expressions of neurotypical coworkers, Pilatzke explained.

“Things like that can actually cause a lot of anxiety for individuals that are neurodivergent,” she said. “So having that pressure removed can be helpful.”

Some autistic people concentrate better during virtual or face-to-face meetings while doodling or moving around, said Natalie Longmire, a professor of organizational behavior at Tulane University’s Freeman School of Business. Supervisors can explicitly communicate that these behaviors are acceptable, she noted.

Workers can also request and normalize these accommodations by explaining something like, “Hey if I get up and walk around, I’m doing that so I can be more engaged in what you’re saying,” Longmire suggested.

Keith Wargo, president & CEO of Autism Speaks, said that before holding meetings, his organization sends out agendas broken into five-minute chunks. “Having that kind of structure, it’s good practice for everyone,” he said.

Permitting written contributions before and after meetings — rather than only valuing verbal participation during scheduled time — helps organizations benefit from autistic employees’ insights, Ramakrishnan noted.

“Be explicit about, for each agenda item, is this a discussion? Is this a brainstorm? Are we making a decision here?” Ramakrishnan added. “That gives an autistic person the chance to prepare what they need to.”

“These are the folks that are going to come up with the ideas that nobody else thinks about,” she added.

Offer various ways for people to engage in meetings, including chat features where attendees can type their thoughts, said Abigayle Jayroe, senior vice president for strategic operations at NEXT for Autism. “There may be people who just don’t feel comfortable speaking,” Jayroe said. Activating captions can assist people who prefer processing information through reading, she added.

Making noise-canceling headphones and written communication standard practice can provide relief, specialists recommend. To minimize sensory overload, an autistic meeting participant might say, “I might ask a question over chat instead of raising my hand because it’s easier for me,” Longmire suggested.

Garg, who received his autism diagnosis at age 3, was initially non-verbal but developed communication and social connection skills over time.

“One of the biggest challenges has been interviews because they focus a lot on social skills instead of the actual work,” he said. “Sometimes people misunderstand my communication style or underestimate what I can do. Even small things like clear instructions or written feedback really help me do my best.”

A common workplace challenge for autistic individuals involves having their direct communication style misunderstood as insensitivity, Ramakrishnan observed. Coworkers can clarify whether straightforward communication is appropriate or if they prefer softer language, she suggested.

From Pilatzke’s perspective, many autistic people have a strong moral compass and feel compelled to address perceived unfairness. “I describe myself as a blunt person. I’m very honest. I’m going to say what I think,” she added.

Companies can harness employees’ directness by fostering a culture where universal agreement isn’t expected. Consider appointing a designated contrarian or devil’s advocate during brainstorming sessions, Jayroe recommended.

“The best ideas are built off of poking holes in what everyone agrees on. So it lays the groundwork longer term for a company to have their employees feel comfortable raising red flags or building on ideas,” she said.

SAN DIEGO — A putrid odor resembling rotten eggs fills Steve Egger’s Southern California residence, particularly during nighttime hours when the contaminated Tijuana River churns with Mexican sewage before flowing into the Pacific.

The 72-year-old resident reports that he and his spouse experience recurring headaches and wake up with congestion while coughing up mucus. Their residence features medical-grade air filtration that refreshes the atmosphere every quarter hour.

Even with these precautions, “most nights we breathe in a horrible stench,” he explained. “It’s awful.”

According to the International Boundary and Water Commission, over 100 billion gallons of untreated waste containing industrial toxins and debris have flowed through the Tijuana River since 2018. This waterway crosses territory where three generations of Egger’s family previously operated a dairy farm. Last year, both nations reached an accord to address this persistent issue by modernizing sewage treatment facilities to handle Tijuana’s expanding population and factory discharge from numerous American-owned manufacturing plants.

Meanwhile, tens of thousands of residents face exposure to this contamination. During a February trip to San Diego, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lee Zeldin stated that resolving this severe and prolonged environmental disaster affecting a predominantly low-income Latino community will require approximately two years.

Untreated waste creates more than just offensive odors. It releases hydrogen sulfide, a dangerous gas capable of damaging nasal neurons and triggering asthma episodes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it can produce headaches, nausea, confusion, trembling, coughing, breathing difficulties, skin and eye inflammation, and potentially death. Scientists are just beginning to comprehend its lasting health consequences.

No federal safety guidelines exist for hydrogen sulfide exposure except for employees at high-risk locations like sewage facilities or livestock waste areas. Several states established standards years ago, but these regulations are obsolete. A California legislative proposal would update the state’s 56-year-old guidelines to address current health concerns. Texas legislators are similarly considering revising their regulations.

“I think when you look back when the standard was first established and then it was reviewed, it was all about nuisance — basically it was all about odor,” explained Democratic Sen. Steve Padilla, who represents the Tijuana River Valley and authored the California legislation. “I don’t think we had the understanding scientifically of what the health impacts were here, and now we do.”

Should the legislation succeed, new standards would likely not take effect until 2030.

Egger’s property displays a “Stop the Stink” placard, part of Citizens for Coastal Conservancy’s initiative demanding officials address the international sewage problem.

The 120-mile waterway originates in Tijuana, Mexico, enters California, and flows into the ocean. Nearby San Diego County shorelines have remained closed for years, and Navy SEALs conducting training exercises in these waters have become ill.

Since January alone, the Tijuana River has transported 10 billion gallons of primarily raw waste and industrial pollutants into the United States, according to International Water and Boundary Commission records. For perspective, a major pipeline break in January released 244 million gallons of untreated sewage into the Potomac River, impacting wealthy, predominantly white neighborhoods. Federal authorities responded to that incident within weeks.

A 2024 study conducted by San Diego County and the CDC covering approximately 40,000 households near the Tijuana River revealed that 71% could detect sewage odors inside their homes, while 69% had at least one family member become ill from exposure.

Even at minimal concentrations, “you’re going to feel like it’s in your sinuses. You can’t get rid of the smell. It’s going to be a constant irritation,” stated Ryan Sinclair, an associate professor of environmental microbiology at Loma Linda University School of Public Health.

The EPA reports it is collaborating with local and state authorities to identify odor reduction methods.

San Diego County distributed more than 10,000 air purifiers to residences this year. However, atmospheric contamination persists. The river’s foam has become visible from satellite imagery.

In September 2024, University of California, San Diego chemistry professor Kimberly Prather and her research team installed atmospheric monitoring equipment in Egger’s neighborhood.

Their discoveries were shocking: Hydrogen sulfide levels reached 4,500 times normal urban concentrations and 150 times California’s air quality standards during peak nighttime river flows.

Numerous residents, including Egger, felt their concerns were finally validated.

“They’d been being more or less gaslit and told, ‘There’s gas. It’s a nuisance. It smells, but it’s not bad,’” Prather explained.

Her research team has since identified thousands of additional gases emanating from the river that are odorless “and many of them are more toxic.”

Egger reports that physicians have recommended relocation, though they haven’t provided written confirmation of hydrogen sulfide poisoning.

However, his family’s connection to the area runs deep. His spouse was raised in Tijuana. His brother and deceased brother’s family occupy adjacent properties on the former Egger Dairy grounds. The deteriorating milk barn and corroded farm machinery remain nearby.

“This is where I’ve lived all my life, with my family, my parents, my grandparents,” he stated. “This is home.”

During Egger’s childhood, he swam in the river that only flowed during rainy periods. Now primarily filled with sewage and industrial contamination, it runs continuously. He advocates restoring the river to its original path, which would place it closer to the border and farther from residential areas and schools. He believes this would prevent pooling that creates hydrogen sulfide concentration zones.

Less than half a mile from Egger’s residence, the odor becomes overwhelming where the river emerges from underground pipes near Saturn Boulevard.

Researchers refer to this location as “the Saturn hot spot.” The stench penetrates closed vehicles and remains inside for days.

Dr. Matthew Dickson and his wife, Dr. Kimberly Dickson, operate a medical practice approximately one mile from this contamination zone. Many patients experience migraines, nausea, wheezing, eye infections, and mental confusion. Asthma sufferers report increased inhaler usage when outdoor air quality deteriorates.

“They’d say, ‘You know, I feel better when it doesn’t smell outside,’” Dr. Kimberly Dickson noted.

Following a tropical storm in August 2023 that caused river overflow onto roadways, the physicians’ patient loads increased threefold within days.

Digital medical records validated the doctors’ suspicions. When river flow volumes spike, respiratory illness cases increase by 130%, they reported.

“Every day that this isn’t fixed,” Dr. Matthew Dickson emphasized, “more people are getting sick.”

Federal drug regulators should provide greater transparency when fast-tracking medications for serious medical conditions, according to a new report from a prominent pharmaceutical research organization.

The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), a leading drug pricing watchdog, issued recommendations Thursday calling for improvements to the Food and Drug Administration’s accelerated approval process.

The FDA’s fast-track system allows quicker authorization of medications for severe conditions that lack existing treatments. This process relies on substitute markers that suggest clinical benefits rather than direct measurements, dramatically reducing the timeline for regulatory approval.

Companies receiving fast-track approval must still complete additional studies to confirm their drugs’ expected benefits.

Recent medications approved through this expedited process include Denali Therapeutics’ rare disease treatment Avlayah and Rocket Pharmaceuticals’ gene therapy Kresladi for pediatric disorders.

The rapid approval system has sparked debate about treatment safety and effectiveness. A notable controversy arose in 2021 when Biogen received accelerated approval for its Alzheimer’s medication Aduhelm despite lacking clear evidence of patient improvement. The company eventually discontinued the drug three years later.

ICER CEO Sarah Emond explained to Reuters that concerns exist on both sides of the issue. “Some are concerned that tougher evidence standards mean fewer drugs are being approved under the pathway while others say too many drugs are approved with weak evidence and without the required confirmatory follow-up,” Emond stated.

Last year, the FDA released updated guidelines clarifying its position on evidence requirements for expedited approvals, including developing substitute markers that are “reasonably likely” to predict clinical benefits.

The ICER report suggests multiple policy improvements for the accelerated approval system, including better selection of substitute markers, mandatory advisory committees for expedited reviews, and enhanced decision-making transparency.

“A scoring system for clinical trial and evidence quality could allow FDA to track AA pathway performance over time and across study sponsors and might serve as an early warning system to identify trials at risk of delay or failing to provide the necessary data for conversion to full approval,” the report stated.

Additional recommendations include connecting insurance coverage for fast-tracked drugs to fair, value-based pricing, adjusting costs as new evidence becomes available, and limiting patient expenses when no alternative treatments exist.

The organization also proposed stronger enforcement requirements for completing follow-up studies and conducting targeted re-evaluations by drug category or medical condition, focusing on those with the most uncertain evidence.

Federal health regulators announced Wednesday they will assemble an independent advisory committee this July to determine whether specialty compounding pharmacies should regain permission to produce more than half a dozen peptide compounds that have surged in popularity.

These substances are composed of short amino acid chains that serve as protein building blocks and carry out vital functions throughout the human body.

The compounds being reconsidered were part of a group of 14 products that federal regulators prohibited compounding pharmacies from creating in 2023 during the Biden presidency, pointing to concerns about immune reactions, toxic effects, and contamination issues.

Health officials have maintained that insufficient human testing exists for most of these substances, potentially creating health hazards for users.

Even without comprehensive safety and efficacy research, these compounds have become extremely popular among social media wellness personalities, who frequently endorse them online for healing injuries, reducing inflammation, and losing weight.

The fitness world has also embraced these substances recently, boosted partly by the widespread success of peptide-derived GLP-1 medications for weight management like semaglutide and tirzepatide.

This regulatory reconsideration comes after public endorsement from Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who recently stated on the Joe Rogan podcast that he is a “big fan of peptides” and has used them himself with “really good effect.”

During the July 23 session, committee members will evaluate whether manufacturers should produce BPC-157 for ulcerative colitis treatment, KPV for healing wounds and inflammatory conditions, TB-500 for wound repair, and MOTS-c for obesity and osteoporosis management.

The following day’s July 24 meeting will focus on emideltide for treating opioid withdrawal, chronic sleep disorders, and narcolepsy, semax for brain blood flow issues, migraines, and certain chronic pain conditions, and epitalon for sleep problems.

WASHINGTON — Federal drug regulators announced plans Wednesday to convene a summer panel that will examine whether to relax current restrictions on seven peptide treatments that have gained popularity among fitness enthusiasts, wellness advocates and celebrity users.

The scheduled review comes after Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has repeatedly promised to reduce regulatory barriers for peptides, which promoters claim can rapidly increase muscle mass, accelerate injury recovery and provide anti-aging benefits. Scientific evidence supporting these assertions remains limited, and federal safety evaluations for most peptides are incomplete.

Kennedy has openly discussed his personal peptide use for treating injuries. Key figures in his Make America Healthy Again initiative also champion these treatments, including Gary Brecka, who markets himself as a “longevity expert” and sells peptide products online.

Federal regulators stated in Wednesday’s announcement that external pharmacy consultants will examine seven specific peptides during a July session, determining whether these substances should be removed from a restrictive category designated for high-risk, customized medications.

The review will include widely-promoted peptides like BPC-157, which vendors market for injury healing and inflammation reduction.

During the previous administration under President Joe Biden, federal officials placed over a dozen popular peptides on a prohibited list for compounding pharmacies — specialized businesses that create custom medications unavailable from traditional manufacturers.

When this restriction was implemented, FDA advisory panel members voted decisively that these peptides failed to qualify for the approved compounding list. Agency officials supported this determination, later stating the substances “present significant safety risks” due to insufficient human testing.

Most FDA advisers and staff members involved in those earlier decisions have since left the agency.

July’s panel will evaluate whether BPC-157, TB-500 and five additional peptides merit inclusion on the approved compounding list. The federal notice references potential medical applications, including BPC-157 for ulcerative colitis treatment.

Kennedy discussed this policy shift during a podcast appearance with Joe Rogan, where both men shared personal peptide experiences and claimed positive results.

“I’m a big fan of peptides,” Kennedy stated to Rogan. “I’ve used them myself and with really good effect on a couple of injuries.”

Kennedy characterized the Biden administration’s peptide restrictions as an “illegal” action that improperly classified these substances.

Peptides function as fundamental components that form larger proteins. Within human physiology, peptides activate hormones essential for growth, metabolic processes and tissue repair.

Recent years have brought peptides into mainstream awareness through successful GLP-1 medications, which received FDA approval for obesity and diabetes management. Additional approved peptide treatments include insulin for diabetic patients and hormone-based therapies for various medical conditions.

However, many peptides marketed online have never received official approval, making their drug marketing technically prohibited. International sports organizations have banned several peptides, including BPC-157 and TB-500, as performance-enhancing substances.

Despite regulatory concerns, these treatments have established a strong presence in the expanding wellness and alternative medicine marketplace.

Specialized wellness facilities offer in-clinic injections or intravenous treatments, sometimes charging monthly membership fees reaching thousands of dollars.

Simultaneously, some dietary supplement manufacturers have started incorporating peptides into capsules, protein powders and gummy products. During a recent FDA session, industry representatives advocated for broadening federal supplement definitions to accommodate newer ingredients like peptides.

When federal regulators restricted injectable peptides in 2023, they cited safety concerns including cancer risks and potential liver, kidney and heart complications. Pharmacies violating these restrictions face financial penalties, legal consequences or possible state license revocation.

These measures prompted opposition from wellness business owners, compounding pharmacies and their political supporters.

Last year, multiple Congressional representatives, including Republican Senator Tommy Tuberville from Alabama, contacted Kennedy requesting the removal of peptide production limitations.

The compounding industry has maintained that FDA restrictions have encouraged an underground market for imported chemicals from China and other nations, which operate outside U.S. pharmaceutical standards.

Social media platforms like TikTok feature international suppliers offering numerous peptide options for as low as $5 per container. These products typically display “for research use only” labels. Legal experts explain this language attempts to circumvent FDA oversight, since the agency doesn’t regulate chemicals not intended for human consumption.

Kennedy has supported the compounding industry’s position regarding unintended regulatory consequences.

“With the gray market you have no idea if you’re getting a good product,” Kennedy explained to Rogan. “And a lot of this stuff that we’ve looked at is just very, very substandard.”

Water utilities nationwide are cutting back on fluoride additions to public drinking water due to supply chain disruptions caused by Middle Eastern conflicts.

The ongoing regional tensions have created shortages of the fluoridation chemicals that water treatment facilities rely on to maintain proper fluoride levels in municipal water supplies.

As a result, water systems are being compelled to decrease the amount of fluoride they add to drinking water, potentially affecting dental health benefits that communities have relied on for decades.

An Ireland-based pharmaceutical company announced Wednesday that its investigational male baldness treatment demonstrated continued effectiveness and maintained safety standards during a full year of clinical testing.

Cosmo Pharmaceuticals revealed that their experimental medication, clascoterone, produced ongoing hair regrowth and proved safe for long-term use in men suffering from typical male pattern baldness throughout the 12-month study period.

This extended research builds upon promising late-stage trial results announced in December, where the topical medication successfully achieved its primary objectives in two comprehensive studies involving 1,465 men over a six-month timeframe, showing notable hair regrowth.

According to Cosmo’s Wednesday announcement, men who continued using clascoterone for the full 12-month period experienced a statistically significant improvement in hair count that was 2.39 times better than participants who discontinued treatment after the initial six months.

The company noted that participants who ceased treatment at the six-month mark saw a notable decrease in hair count, while those who remained on clascoterone experienced ongoing hair regrowth throughout the entire year-long study.

The medication works as a topical solution that prevents male hormones from affecting the scalp, targeting a primary factor behind hair follicle reduction and subsequent hair loss.

Cosmo reported that the drug maintained a safety profile similar to placebo treatments over the 12-month period, with no significant hormone-related adverse effects documented.

The company plans to seek U.S. regulatory approval in early 2027 and intends to present complete data from these advanced-stage studies at upcoming scientific conferences.

Cosmo CEO Giovanni Di Napoli shared with Reuters that the company is examining potential licensing partnerships for the medication. “We want to find a perfect partner that can scale this drug and can reach millions of men globally as quickly as possible. So that’s our goal and that’s what we’re going to do over the next few weeks and months,” he explained.

Other pharmaceutical companies are also working on innovative hair loss solutions, including Pelage Pharmaceuticals, which is developing PP405, an experimental topical treatment designed to restore hair growth in both men and women.

When Tiffany Davis experiences side effects from her weight-loss medication, she skips calling her physician and instead opens ChatGPT on her smartphone.

“I’ll just basically let ChatGPT know my status, how I’m feeling,” explained the 42-year-old Mesquite, Texas resident. “I use it for anything that I’m experiencing.”

Davis represents a growing trend among Americans who are increasingly consulting artificial intelligence platforms for medical guidance, according to new Gallup polling data released Wednesday. The research, conducted in late 2025 and supported by three additional recent studies, revealed that approximately 25% of U.S. adults had utilized AI technology for health-related information or guidance within the previous month.

According to Dr. Karandeep Singh, who serves as chief health AI officer at UC San Diego Health, these artificial intelligence platforms function as enhanced versions of the health-related Google searches Americans have conducted for years.

“I almost view it like a better entry portal into web search,” Singh explained. “Instead of someone having to comb through the top, you know, 10, 20, 30 links in a web search, they can now have an executive summary.”

The primary motivation for Americans seeking AI health assistance appears to be the desire for instant responses. Many users report that these tools help them determine the appropriate level of medical intervention needed.

“It’ll let me know if something’s serious or not,” Davis noted regarding her ChatGPT consultations, which she typically conducts before booking doctor visits.

The Gallup research indicated that roughly 70% of Americans who utilized AI for health research in the past month sought immediate answers, additional details, or were driven by curiosity. Most participants used these tools either for pre-appointment preparation or post-visit clarification.

Rakesia Wilson, a 39-year-old from Theodore, Alabama, recently employed AI technology to interpret laboratory results following an endocrinologist consultation. She regularly uses both ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot to determine whether symptoms warrant time off for medical appointments or can be monitored at home.

“I just don’t necessarily have the time if it’s something that I feel is minor,” explained Wilson, who works as an assistant principal and sometimes puts in 70-hour weeks.

Overall, the research suggests that AI adoption hasn’t diminished Americans’ pursuit of traditional medical care. Approximately 80% of U.S. adults report consulting physicians or healthcare professionals for health information annually, while about 30% say the same regarding AI tools and chatbots, according to a KFF poll from late February.

A Pew Research Center study from October produced similar results, finding that roughly 20% of American adults obtain health information from AI chatbots at least occasionally, while about 85% rely on healthcare providers.

However, evidence suggests some Americans turn to AI for medical advice due to difficulties accessing professional healthcare, particularly as federal policies and market conditions create barriers to affordable care nationwide.

A notable portion of Gallup study participants cited AI use because professional healthcare was too costly or inaccessible. About 40% sought assistance outside standard business hours, while roughly 30% wanted to avoid paying for doctor visits. Approximately 20% lacked time for appointments, had previously felt dismissed by providers, or felt too embarrassed to speak with medical professionals.

The KFF survey found that younger adults and lower-income individuals were more likely to use AI health tools due to affordability concerns or healthcare access challenges.

Technology specialists frequently caution that AI chatbots lack independent reasoning capabilities and may occasionally provide inaccurate information. These concerns have reached even frequent AI users.

About one-third of adults who recently used AI for health information expressed strong or moderate trust in the accuracy of AI-generated health information and advice, according to Gallup polling. A similar 34% expressed distrust, while another 33% remained neutral.

Dr. Bobby Mukkamala, an otolaryngologist and American Medical Association president, appreciates when patients arrive with “more evolved questions than they used to have” due to AI research. However, he emphasizes that AI should serve as a tool rather than a medical care substitute.

“It is an assistant but not an expert, and that’s why physicians need to be involved in that care,” Mukkamala stated.

Privacy concerns also persist, according to KFF research. Approximately three-quarters of American adults expressed significant or moderate concern about the privacy of personal medical information shared with AI tools or chatbots.

Singh noted that most AI platforms offer settings allowing users to prevent their data from training future models. However, this requires user awareness and vigilance, as carelessness can have consequences.

Last summer, internet researchers discovered private ChatGPT conversations that had been indexed on a public website without users’ knowledge.

Tamara Ruppart, a 47-year-old Los Angeles director, considers herself fortunate to have physicians in her husband’s family available for consultation instead of relying on AI. Given her family’s breast cancer history, she views chatbot health advice as too risky.

“Health care is something that’s pretty serious,” she observed. “And if it’s wrong, you could really hurt yourself.”

A former gynecologist at the University of California, Los Angeles entered a guilty plea Tuesday to charges of sexually abusing patients, following an appellate court’s decision to overturn his earlier conviction this year.

James Heaps received an 11-year prison sentence in 2023 after a jury found him guilty on five charges of sexual battery and penetration related to two patients. However, an appellate court threw out that conviction in February, determining that Heaps did not receive a fair trial because the presiding judge failed to inform defense lawyers about a jury foreman’s note expressing concerns regarding another juror’s ability to understand English.

Rather than face another trial, Heaps admitted guilt to 13 felony charges connected to five victims and received the same 11-year prison term.

Following the February appeal ruling, defense attorney Leonard Levine had expressed confidence that “it’s just a matter of time before he is totally exonerated.”

Levine has not yet responded to requests for comment regarding Tuesday’s guilty plea.

The well-known UCLA gynecologist faced an indictment in 2021 on numerous charges including sexual battery by fraud, sexual exploitation of a patient, and sexual penetration of an unconscious person through fraudulent representation. These charges stemmed from sexual assaults against seven women that occurred from 2009 through 2018.

Following the 2019 scandal that broke after the physician’s arrest, UCLA reached settlement agreements totaling nearly $700 million with hundreds of Heaps’ former patients — setting a record for payouts by a public university during a series of sexual misconduct cases involving campus medical staff.

Former patients reported that Heaps inappropriately touched them, made sexual remarks, or performed unnecessary invasive procedures throughout his 35-year medical career.

Attorney John Manly, who represented over 200 former patients in legal action against the university, stated that Heaps’ admission of guilt and prison sentence demonstrates that “there will be severe consequences for any violation of patients’ rights and dignity.”

A major international health organization announced Tuesday it’s dramatically expanding distribution of an innovative HIV prevention medication, with plans to serve 3 million individuals worldwide by 2028.

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria revealed that shipments of lenacapavir have already arrived in nine African nations. The organization plans to extend distribution to 12 more countries, encompassing the Dominican Republic, Fiji, Indonesia, Morocco, Rwanda, and Thailand.

Last July, the Global Fund and pharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences completed arrangements to distribute lenacapavir across low-income nations, with an initial commitment to supply sufficient medication for up to 2 million individuals over a three-year period.

The medication represents a significant advancement in HIV prevention, administered as an injection under the skin just twice annually. This approach addresses challenges linked to daily oral prevention medications, including missed doses and supply chain difficulties.

Preliminary program statistics show the treatment is gaining strong acceptance among key target groups, particularly expectant and nursing mothers, teenage girls and young women, and individuals receiving HIV prevention medication for the first time.

To ensure broader availability and lower costs, Gilead has authorized multiple manufacturers to create generic alternatives of lenacapavir, the Global Fund reported.

“By expanding our supplier base through both the original and generic manufacturers, we are working to ensure sustainable, affordable access at scale,” said Hui Yang, head of supply operations at Global Fund.

Federal health officials have cleared the way for broader use of a Travere Therapeutics medication to address a uncommon kidney condition, the pharmaceutical company announced Monday.

The regulatory decision marks Sparsentan as the initial FDA-sanctioned treatment for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a kidney ailment that creates scarring in filtering components and may result in protein appearing in urine, body swelling, and complete kidney failure.

The medication works by targeting and blocking two critical receptors to shield kidney cells, which helps minimize protein loss and delays how quickly the disease advances.

This approval comes after federal drug regulators extended their evaluation period in January to gather additional information about the treatment’s clinical effectiveness.

The same drug already has regulatory clearance under the commercial name Filspari for slowing kidney deterioration in adults diagnosed with IgA nephropathy, a advancing autoimmune disorder.

According to Travere, kidney specialists can begin writing prescriptions for FSGS patients right away.

Company data indicates FSGS impacts more than 40,000 individuals across the United States, with comparable numbers affected throughout Europe.

The pharmaceutical firm sets Filspari’s cost at $9,900 monthly for IgA nephropathy treatment, totaling roughly $170,000 annually.

Jefferies analyst Maury Raycroft shared with Reuters: “We think the price should be approximately 2x of what they’re charging for IgAN, and that’s because of the higher dose.”

Financial analysts at Jefferies project the medication could generate peak revenue of $961 million by 2033 for this particular condition.

Travere secured licensing rights to the drug from Ligand Pharmaceuticals in 2012 through an arrangement that provides Ligand with milestone payments and a 9% share of worldwide sales.

Filspari, which received approval in 2023 for IgA nephropathy, includes serious warnings about potential liver injury and birth complications.

Meanwhile, Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis is conducting mid-stage testing of its competing drug, atrasentan, for FSGS patients.

During the three-month period ending December 31, Filspari recorded $103.3 million in sales revenue.

Beyond rising fuel costs, the Middle East conflict is creating unexpected challenges for American water systems, with several utilities reporting difficulties maintaining proper fluoride concentrations in public drinking water supplies.

Recent weeks have brought supply chain disruptions affecting water treatment facilities nationwide, reports the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies. Water systems add fluoride as a dental health measure to combat tooth decay in communities.

The supply issue stems from Israel’s position as a leading global producer of fluorosilicic acid, the chemical compound used in water fluoridation, according to Environmental Protection Agency records. The United States ranks among the world’s top five nations importing this product.

Production capacity has declined at Israeli manufacturing facilities as workers receive military deployment orders, explained Dan Hartnett, who serves as chief policy officer for the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies.

“That has led to decreased production, and supply shortages for the U.S. market,” he said.

While currently affecting a limited number of utilities, the shortage impacts several hundred thousand residents. Hartnett warned that continued fighting means “there will likely be additional stressors placed on the supply chain, leading to shortages in additional communities.”

Maryland’s WSSC Water, ranking as the nation’s eighth-largest water and wastewater provider, announced fluoride reductions on April 7. The utility decreased fluoride concentrations to 0.4 milligrams per liter from the standard 0.7 milligrams per liter recommendation.

Chuck Brown, representing the utility that serves 1.9 million customers, acknowledged uncertainty about the shortage duration, “but we feel confident that we’ll be able to stretch that out for a couple more months.”

Pennsylvania’s Lititz borough temporarily suspended water fluoridation for several weeks in recent months due to similar supply constraints.

Since fluoride addition remains voluntary for public health benefits, reduced concentrations don’t compromise water safety standards.

Dr. Scott Tomar, a community water fluoridation specialist with the American Dental Association, believes temporary fluoride reductions shouldn’t alarm most residents.

Studies examining communities that discontinued fluoridation programs in Calgary, Canada; Juneau, Alaska; and Israel demonstrate that impacts typically emerge over multiple years rather than months.

“Based on the best available information we have, below about 0.5 milligrams per liter, you’re probably not going to see effective preventive exposure,” he said.

Children face the greatest risk from prolonged fluoride deficiency, Tomar noted, since the mineral reinforces tooth enamel during development and after permanent teeth emerge.

He advises residents in affected areas to maintain twice-daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste and continue regular dental checkups. Anyone concerned about fluoride intake should consult their dentist before considering supplements or alternative treatments.

Studies confirm water fluoridation provides benefits even when fluoride appears in toothpaste and other products. Centers for Disease Control data shows nearly two-thirds of Americans receive fluoridated tap water.

Public health officials historically celebrated water fluoridation as among the most significant health advances of the previous century. The American Dental Association attributes the practice with cutting tooth decay rates by over 25% across age groups.

Despite this track record, fluoride safety misinformation has spread widely. Utah became the first state to prohibit public water fluoridation last year. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has frequently questioned fluoride safety and opposed its dental health applications.

“The levels we use in the United States is perfectly safe,” Tomar said. “Despite a lot of the misinformation, there are no adverse health effects associated with the levels we use in our drinking water.”

Mental health professionals are encouraging people to recognize warning signs earlier, including feelings of being overwhelmed, not feeling like themselves, and changes in sleeping patterns, behavior, and mood.

Data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reveals America faces significant mental health challenges. Young people, particularly girls, are increasingly reporting poor mental health conditions. Although the national suicide rate decreased slightly in 2024, it dropped from historically high levels.

Mental health emergencies can develop suddenly or gradually escalate over time. They may stem from unexpected loss, traumatic experiences, personal or social disruption, underlying medical conditions, or multiple contributing factors.

Regardless of the trigger, professionals emphasize starting conversations early and establishing connections to broader support networks.

EDITOR’S NOTE: This story discusses suicide. Anyone needing assistance can contact the national suicide and crisis lifeline by calling or texting 988.

Mental health specialists explain that crisis definitions differ among individuals, but certain warning indicators suggest someone may be struggling, often beginning subtly.

“My crisis might not be your crisis, but what we do know is that — however people define crisis — there is a change in how they’re feeling, a change in how they’re behaving,” stated Dr. Theresa Miskimen Rivera, president of the American Psychiatric Association.

Emergencies may begin with depression or anxiety feelings without clear causes, Miskimen Rivera explained.

Additional warning signs include:

— Losing interest in previously enjoyed activities

— Withdrawing from social interactions

— Experiencing sleep disturbances

— Neglecting personal hygiene

— Increasing alcohol or drug consumption

— Displaying severe mood fluctuations

— Expressing feelings of being burdensome

— Feeling hopeless, expressing death wishes or suicidal thoughts, lacking purpose

When these changes appear, professionals recommend initiating conversations.

Crisis intervention specialists suggest researching and preparing before approaching someone experiencing difficulties.

Resources and guidance are available through organizations like the National Alliance on Mental Illness, The Trevor Project, the American Psychological Association, and 988, the national mental health crisis hotline. People can contact 988 through calls, texts, or chat for conversation guidance.

“We get more than 10 million calls, chats and texts a year, and a lot those are actually people just looking for resources for someone in their life that’s struggling,” said Tia Dole, who oversees the lifeline.

Alex Boyd, director of crisis intervention at The Trevor Project, which operates a suicide prevention hotline for LGBTQ+ youth, suggests structuring initial conversations into four components:

— Begin with open-ended questions acknowledging behavioral changes. Example: “I noticed you haven’t been showing up to (the space we share) recently. I want to check in. What’s going on?”

— Communicate care and concern

— Inquire about their crisis experience: “What’s been going on for you that has led you to (name the change in behavior)? What’s changed for you? What are you concerned about?”

— Recognize difficult circumstances and ask directly about suicide or self-harm thoughts. Consider additional support resources, remembering your role is supportive, not therapeutic. Ask: “What would feel helpful right now?”

Professionals dispel the misconception that asking about suicide contemplation plants the idea in someone’s mind.

Though potentially uncomfortable, directly asking about self-harm or suicide plans and intentions remains crucial.

When someone has a plan, Boyd suggests responding: “What would lead you to actually take that step? Because that sounds scary. I don’t want that to happen. What would lead you to feel more escalated to act on the plan?”

If immediate danger exists, seek professional assistance immediately. Ideally, collaborate with the person in crisis to maintain their autonomy and build confidence in seeking help, Boyd advised.

Contacting 988 or similar helplines connects callers to crisis intervention teams and specialized resources.

Emergency services through 911 or hospital emergency rooms remain options, though not all emergency personnel receive mental health intervention training.

Mental health crises involve complexity, requiring understanding of cultural stigmas and potential conversation barriers.

Some individuals may withdraw when hearing diagnostic terms like “depression” and “anxiety,” Dole noted. Others might remain silent initially but return for discussions days or weeks later.

Dole recommends “parallel activities” to reduce conversation pressure. Creating mental health discussion opportunities during walks or car rides allows people to open up without forced eye contact or formality.

Validating and normalizing experiences without minimizing them is essential, experts emphasized. Avoid dismissing concerns as temporary phases. Sharing personal experiences can help, but avoid making conversations self-centered.

Loved ones may require ongoing support navigating extended care and mental health system complexities. Options may be restricted by insurance coverage, location, or personal identity. Finding suitable therapists may require multiple attempts.

“Getting help — the traditional, clinical help — is really hard,” Dole said. “It takes perseverance to find a clinician.”

She encouraged exploring non-medical resources, including faith communities, community centers, and educational institutions.

Most importantly, don’t allow a loved one’s struggles to change your perception of them.

“Being suicidal or having a mental health crisis does not diminish who they are as your loved one,” Dole said. “They’re still them.”

Allogene Therapeutics announced Monday that preliminary results from a clinical trial demonstrate their investigational blood cancer treatment successfully lowered the likelihood of disease recurrence in patients.

The biotechnology company conducted testing on their ready-to-use CAR-T treatment in individuals diagnosed with blood cancer who still showed signs of the disease following their first course of conventional therapy.

The experimental treatment, called cema-cel, works by taking white blood cells called T-cells from healthy volunteer donors.

Scientists then modify these donor cells in laboratories to transform them into specialized cancer-fighting immune cells that can be stored and given to patients immediately when needed.

This approach represents a significant departure from existing CAR-T treatments currently on the market, which involve harvesting a patient’s own immune cells, genetically altering them in a laboratory, and then returning them to the patient several weeks later.

A Delaware-based pharmaceutical company announced Monday that their experimental treatment for ulcerative colitis showed promising results in reducing inflammation during a mid-stage clinical trial.

Spyre Therapeutics reported that their investigational medication, SPY001, successfully achieved its primary endpoint by decreasing key inflammation markers at the tissue level following 12 weeks of treatment.

Ulcerative colitis affects patients with chronic inflammation that creates swelling and sores throughout the colon and rectum lining.

During the clinical trial, researchers found that 40% of participants reached clinical remission while 51% demonstrated noticeable improvements in their intestinal tissue condition.

According to Spyre, SPY001 is engineered to enhance the effectiveness of Takeda Pharmaceutical’s existing treatment Entyvio, offering extended duration of action and improved initial dosing protocols.

The safety profile remained favorable, with only six participants experiencing treatment-related adverse reactions during the initial treatment phase. One serious adverse event occurred but was determined to be unconnected to the study drug. Back pain emerged as the most frequently reported side effect, affecting two study participants.

The ongoing mid-stage clinical trial consists of two distinct phases: an initial open-label segment followed by a randomized, placebo-controlled portion that will evaluate multiple Spyre medications both individually and in combination therapies.

The FDA granted approval for Takeda’s Entyvio to treat moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in May 2014, with a subcutaneous formulation receiving approval in September 2023.

In Denver, a recently formed musical group is demonstrating the remarkable therapeutic effects of singing for individuals experiencing memory challenges.

The choir, specifically designed for those dealing with memory loss conditions, is creating moments of happiness and connection through the power of song. This innovative program highlights how music can serve as a bridge to joy and healing for people navigating the difficulties of dementia and related conditions.

The initiative represents a growing recognition of music therapy’s potential to improve quality of life for individuals facing cognitive challenges, offering both participants and their families a source of hope and community connection.

The outdoor music festival season is officially underway, bringing opportunities to enjoy live performances with friends, dance to favorite songs, and potentially meet beloved artists in person.

“Live music nourishes your soul and makes you feel truly alive,” explains Chris Bro, who hosts the “Next” radio program in Maryland and has attended numerous music festivals over the years.

However, maximizing your festival experience requires advance preparation for potential dangers including extreme temperatures, fluid loss, and other health concerns, according to seasoned festival attendees and healthcare professionals who treat them.

The positive development is that music festivals have become increasingly secure due to enhanced emphasis on medical personnel and equipment available on-site, according to Matt Friedman, who serves as national medical director at CrowdRx, an organization that delivers healthcare services at more than 20 major music festivals nationwide annually.

Various festival types typically experience distinct categories of medical emergencies, Friedman explains. Contributing factors include the musical genre, event duration, and weather conditions.

“Jazz music festivals tend have a low medical-usage rate, whereas a heavy metal event will have more blunt traumas from mosh pits and alcohol-related incidents,” he states.

Electronic dance music events typically feature welcoming audiences, though some “occasionally overindulge or make poor decisions regarding stimulant drugs,” Friedman notes. Classical music gatherings, conversely, often see more heart-related emergencies due to the higher average age of participants.

“You want to have fun, but it’s really important to stay aware,” advises Armelle Gloaguen, a performer who has experienced legendary festivals including Clearwater, established by Pete Seeger, and Woodstock ’94.

“Be there for the music, not the drugs and alcohol, if you want to remember any of it. Don’t accept food or drinks from strangers, and be aware of your limits,” recommends Gloaguen, who operates “Armelle for Kids,” an organization dedicated to connecting cultures through music.

Event regulations differ significantly, so prior to departure, research parking arrangements and permitted items lists.

For example, Coachella, the yearly celebration in Indio, California, prohibits chairs, external food, or umbrellas. At Tanglewood, located in western Massachusetts, guests may bring seating and meals, and umbrellas are permitted provided they don’t exceed 6 feet in diameter.

Install the festival’s mobile application and pack a portable device charger.

Upon arrival, survey the landscape. Locate the closest cooling areas and medical facilities while determining your seating location.

“First and foremost, we see a lot of heat-related illnesses, since temperatures in the desert can get pretty high and rise quickly,” states Julie Puzzo, assistant medical director of the emergency department at JFK Memorial Hospital, located near Coachella.

“We see everything from heat cramps to heat stroke, which can be life threatening,” she explains.

Maintain consistent fluid intake using electrolyte-rich drinks, she recommends.

Dress in layers, wear head protection and other defensive clothing, and limit alcohol consumption. Choose non-aerosol sunscreen, as many festival locations prohibit aerosol products.

Events where heat poses risks sometimes feature portable cold-water immersion systems to rapidly cool individuals, Friedman mentions.

During extended festivals, poor nutrition can become problematic, he notes. “People are running on adrenaline for the first two days, but by day three they realize they are dehydrated and exhausted and haven’t eaten nutritious food since they arrived, and this exacerbates any other conditions they might have.”

His primary safety recommendation: Stay together with your group to monitor each other’s wellbeing.

Both physicians encourage participants to wear comfortable, closed-toe footwear, as festival attendance often involves more walking than anticipated. Additionally, small rocks or sharp debris are easily encountered on festival grounds.

“Trips and falls are common, and we see a lot of sprains and foot contusions,” Friedman reports.

Individuals prone to breathing difficulties should carry an extra inhaler, as dust-filled wind can worsen respiratory conditions, Puzzo suggests.

Vision issues such as corneal scratches frequently occur at festivals, notes Friedman, who suggests bringing large sunglasses or protective eyewear if dusty conditions are expected.

Outdoor locations can become insect-heavy, making bug spray worth considering.

Safeguard your hearing by maintaining distance from speakers and bringing ear protection, recommends Greta Stamper, an audiologist at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida.

“It is also helpful to take listening pauses during festivals to allow your ears an opportunity to take a break. Having some quieter moments during the day can help your ears recover,” she explains.

When hearing becomes muffled or ringing begins, your ears are signaling excessive volume levels, Stamper warns.

For families attending with children, provide additional protection using over-the-ear headphones rather than just earplugs, Friedman advises.

“Musical festivals are a marathon, not a sprint, so be sensible and take care of yourself,” Friedman emphasizes.

While relaxing with companions, alcohol consumption can easily increase throughout the day. Puzzo cautions that substances obtained at large events may not contain expected ingredients. This creates danger under any circumstances, particularly when combined with extreme heat and alcohol.

Remember, however, to discover happiness in the performances and atmosphere.

Welcome unexpected moments and new relationships.

“If you want to talk to your favorite musician, the most meaningful thing you can do is to thank them and talk about a specific song you love and why,” Gloaguen suggests.

A British pharmaceutical company is expressing optimism about a new cancer treatment following encouraging preliminary trial results that demonstrated the drug’s ability to reduce tumors in patients battling difficult-to-treat cancers.

GSK’s experimental medication Mo-rez has emerged as a top priority for the company after initial data revealed its effectiveness against advanced forms of cancer, according to Hesham Abdullah, the firm’s head of oncology research.

“This is one of our priority assets at this stage,” Abdullah told reporters during a briefing about the preliminary findings, which are scheduled for presentation at a medical conference in Puerto Rico on Sunday.

When asked about the drug’s commercial prospects, Abdullah expressed confidence in its potential success. “Do we think it would be a blockbuster? Yes, absolutely,” he stated during the media call.

The early trial results focused on measuring how many patients experienced significant tumor reduction, specifically looking for at least 30% shrinkage. Among women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, 62% achieved this benchmark, while 67% of endometrial cancer patients reached the same milestone.

These positive outcomes are providing new energy to GSK’s rapidly expanding cancer treatment division. The company’s new CEO Luke Miels, who assumed leadership in January, has committed to accelerating the development of innovative medications. Abdullah noted this strategic shift is already influencing their research approach.

“I think it has been reflected in the type of pace that you are seeing and the type of conviction that we have in our programmes moving forward,” Abdullah explained.

Currently, GSK is conducting Mo-rez trials in two advanced-stage studies focusing on ovarian and endometrial cancers, with plans to launch three additional research studies in the coming months.

The experimental treatment is classified as an antibody-drug conjugate that specifically targets the B7H4 protein present on gynecological cancer cells while avoiding healthy tissue. Industry projections estimate the market for these types of treatments could reach $31 billion by 2030.

GSK obtained licensing rights for the drug from Chinese company Hansoh Pharma in 2023. Financial analysts have not yet released sales forecasts for Mo-rez given the early stage of trial data.

The United States is witnessing a significant decline in fatal drug overdoses, according to recent data, though health officials warn that dangerous new synthetic substances are rapidly appearing on streets nationwide.

While the reduction in overdose fatalities represents encouraging progress in combating the nation’s drug crisis, experts emphasize concern about the swift emergence of street drugs manufactured using synthetic chemical compounds.

The development highlights the ongoing challenges facing public health officials as they work to address substance abuse issues while simultaneously monitoring the evolving landscape of illicit drug production and distribution.

NEW YORK (AP) — Sara Mearns found herself struggling to follow the rhythm.

The New York City Ballet principal dancer couldn’t make out what her dance partner was communicating from the other side of the rehearsal space. She frequently entered late because the musical accompaniment seemed too quiet to her ears.

Without informing her colleagues, she quietly scheduled an appointment for a hearing evaluation.

The examination revealed Mearns had developed hearing loss. Following years of feeling disconnected, she obtained the assistance needed to navigate a world that had become increasingly unclear.

Today, she stands among the pioneering dancers at New York City Ballet to perform with hearing aids on stage.

“I feel like it’s a whole new chapter of my life,” the 40-year-old Mearns shared during her conversation with the AP.

Though hearing difficulties frequently affect seniors, the condition can develop at any stage of life through various causes such as nerve deterioration, infections, or head injuries. For Mearns, the problem likely resulted from multiple influences including hereditary factors, health issues, and exposure to excessive noise levels.

Data from the National Institutes of Health shows fewer than 20 percent of American adults between 20 and 69 who would benefit from hearing devices actually use them. Barriers include limited availability, feelings of stigma or shame, and unfamiliarity with warning signs.

“Hearing loss is often not detected by the person because what they can’t hear, they don’t know,” explained Dr. Anil Lalwani, a hearing specialist at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

However, “there are a lot of symptoms of hearing loss that are not hearing less,” noted Dr. Maura Cosetti from Mount Sinai’s New York Eye and Ear Infirmary.

Warning signs include frequently asking “what” and difficulty understanding loved ones in loud environments such as restaurants. Additional indicators encompass ear ringing, feelings of blockage in the ears, or voices that sound unclear.

Throughout the COVID-19 outbreak, Mearns found herself unable to understand people speaking through masks.

“I realized that I was reading everybody’s lips to understand what they were saying,” she recalled.

Medical professionals recommend consulting a physician if you suspect hearing difficulties. They can arrange connections with audiologists or ear, nose, and throat doctors for proper testing.

Cosetti from Mount Sinai mentioned the Mimi Hearing Test application as a helpful tool for initial assessment. Professional evaluation remains the most reliable method to determine the actual problem — such as whether ears are simply blocked with wax or fluid.

Hearing devices work by refining sound signals reaching the brain, amplifying speech while reducing background interference. Though costly, many models are now sold without prescriptions. Certain Apple AirPods can also function as hearing aids.

For more serious hearing impairment, physicians might suggest cochlear implants, which transform sounds into electrical signals transmitted to the brain. These involve surgically placed components and require months of adaptation.

Mearns initially felt self-conscious entering the testing booth, knowing she wouldn’t detect all the sounds. Her audiologist, Marta Gielarowiec, helped her comprehend what she was missing and selected suitable hearing devices.

“It’s definitely not a one size fits all. There is a lot of adjustment, tuning and calibration involved,” said Gielarowiec, who operates a New York practice. “Overall, the goal is to maximize the hearing that’s left.”

Treating hearing loss can enhance mental wellness, improve communication abilities, and reduce cognitive deterioration for individuals at elevated dementia risk.

When Mearns exited her audiologist’s office wearing her new devices initially, she felt overwhelmed. She could detect footsteps on pavement, bird songs from across the street, and a flag fluttering a block away. Upon reaching her dressing room, she wept.

She now experiences the orchestra’s complete power during performances — and can take phone calls through her ears.

Her previous existence, she explained, was draining. Each day ended with exhaustion from constantly asking for repetition and missing conversations and joke punchlines.

“I don’t want people to feel what I felt, where I was embarrassed and I was quiet about it,” she said. “Because now that I’m on the other side, I’m so happy.”

According to its newly released annual report for 2024-25, Planned Parenthood performed approximately 435,000 abortion procedures nationwide. The reproductive health organization, which operates as the country’s largest abortion provider, also distributed $3.7 million in financial assistance to help women “overcome obstacles to abortion care.”

While the report does not specify the exact number of abortion medications dispensed by Planned Parenthood, medical abortions using pills have become the predominant method for terminating pregnancies in the United States, surpassing surgical procedures.

LANDRUM, South Carolina — When John Otwell learned about measles exposure warnings at his local Costco, concern for his infant son Arthur and an expected new baby in June made routine errands feel risky.

“We go to the Costco that was kind of a hotbed,” said John Otwell, who knew about the state health department’s warnings of public exposures at the store. “A lot of people just don’t get it; they think it’s just a cold. It’s not.”

Arthur received his MMR vaccination at nine months instead of the standard 12 to 15 months due to South Carolina’s massive outbreak, which became the nation’s largest in over three decades. However, the family’s upcoming newborn must wait until at least six months for protection — a reality causing anxiety for parents nationwide as measles continues spreading.

Infants who haven’t reached vaccination age face the greatest danger during measles outbreaks. The illness can devastate their developing immune systems, causing severe dehydration when babies refuse food and fluids. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and in some cases, death.

These vulnerable babies rely completely on community-wide immunity — requiring at least 95% vaccination coverage to prevent outbreaks. However, declining immunization rates have weakened this protection throughout South Carolina and nationally. Spartanburg County, where the outbreak centered, shows vaccination rates below 90% among students.

“Babies become sitting ducks,” said Dr. Deborah Greenhouse, a Columbia pediatrician. “The burden is on all of us to protect all of us.”

Political leaders increasingly frame vaccination as personal liberty rather than community health responsibility. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., known for opposing vaccines, has pursued policy changes and overseen significant public health budget reductions. Despite temporary legal obstacles slowing his efforts, numerous state proposals threaten to reduce vaccination requirements further.

South Carolina’s outbreak, reaching approximately 1,000 cases, has begun declining. Nevertheless, measles continues expanding across multiple states, with 17 outbreaks recorded this year following 48 last year. The United States risks losing its measles elimination status.

Dr. Jessica Early never anticipated treating measles patients, but feared for her young patients and her own infant when cases appeared in Greer. She began administering approved MMR doses to babies as young as six months and providing second doses earlier than recommended ages of four to six years.

Health officials frustrate medical professionals by withholding detailed case breakdowns. State authorities reveal only that 253 of 997 cases involved children four and younger, citing privacy concerns for refusing more specific data. Hospital admission numbers remain unknown since facilities aren’t mandated to report measles hospitalizations.

Medical practices fielded numerous inquiries about infant safety in waiting areas and childcare facilities. Thomas Compton, who oversees Miss Tammy’s Little Learning Center locations throughout the affected region, reported 18 families withdrawing children despite no confirmed cases at his facilities. Some families forfeited deposits days before enrollment, forcing staff reductions.

While licensed daycare centers must enforce vaccination requirements, families easily obtain religious exemptions. Approximately one-fifth of Miss Tammy’s 300 enrolled children have vaccination waivers.

“A lot of parents were really stressed out,” Compton said. “Anytime that we had a little sickness going on or something, they were like, ‘Do you think it’s the measles?’”

Investigation revealed Trump administration officials encouraged activists to promote anti-science legislation in state capitals. Nationally, approximately 350 anti-vaccine proposals were introduced through late October, including eight in South Carolina.

Current state legislation would eliminate vaccination requirements for children under two years old.

“In other words, it would get rid of those requirements in the day cares,” pediatrician Greenhouse said. “And for people like me, that is a gut punch that is terrifying.”

Republican State Senator Carlisle Kennedy defended his proposal as protecting parental rights during subcommittee discussions. His August-born baby, facing kidney problems, received customized vaccination scheduling through medical consultation.

“We didn’t want to put vaccines in his body before his body was able to survive them,” he said.

Critics argued that community immunity protects children in such medical situations. The Senate subcommittee approved the legislation, concerning Greenhouse about its potential passage.

“In the climate that we are currently living in, I think any bill potentially could have legs,” she said. “It is our job to do our absolute best to make sure that those legs don’t go anywhere.”

Medical professionals warn that such legislation increases vaccine hesitancy and public confusion, regardless of final outcomes. Some parents tell Greenhouse they believe government recommendations have changed, despite consistent American Academy of Pediatrics guidance.

“They don’t actually know who they can trust,” she said.

Dr. Martha Edwards, leading South Carolina’s American Academy of Pediatrics chapter, noted the state has simplified non-medical exemption processes. Religious exemptions doubled since 2020 in the outbreak’s center, with 4% of students statewide holding such waivers for 2025-26.

“Parental choice is a big buzzword in a lot of the Southern states,” Edwards said. But the choice not to vaccinate, she said, impacts other parents’ rights to keep their children safe.

Medical experts anticipate worsening conditions ahead. The first quarter of 2026 recorded 1,671 measles cases — representing 73% of 2025’s total, the worst year in over thirty years. International health officials will assess America’s measles elimination status this November.

National MMR vaccination rates dropped from 95.2% in 2019-20 to 92.5% among kindergartners in 2024-25, masking dramatically lower rates in specific communities. One Spartanburg County school shows only 21% of students receiving all required immunizations.

Healthcare providers worry about returning to pre-vaccine era disease threats.

“The whole concept of immunization is one of the best things that has ever happened to medicine,” Greenhouse said. “To see that we are actually going backwards is just confounding.”

Helen Kaiser, residing in the outbreak area, vaccinated her twin two-year-old boys ahead of schedule to protect them and their community.

“I would never forgive myself,” she said, “if I knew that my son had gotten another baby very sick and it was something I could have prevented.”

A Chicago jury delivered a significant verdict Thursday, ordering Abbott Laboratories to pay $53 million in compensatory damages to families who alleged the pharmaceutical company inadequately warned about serious health risks linked to its specialized formula for premature babies, the Chicago Tribune reported.

The decision concluded an extended trial in Cook County circuit court and represents the latest development in hundreds of pending lawsuits claiming Abbott’s cow’s milk-based formula designed for preterm infants can trigger necrotizing enterocolitis, commonly known as NEC. The trial combined legal cases from four different families.

Jurors are scheduled to reconvene Friday to decide the amount of punitive damages Abbott will be required to pay, according to the Tribune report.

Abbott representatives have not yet responded to requests for comment regarding the verdict.

The company has consistently disputed claims that their products cause NEC, maintaining that these specialized formulas serve a critical role for premature infants when mothers cannot supply adequate breast milk.

Necrotizing enterocolitis destroys bowel tissue and primarily strikes premature newborns, with medical experts estimating mortality rates exceeding 20 percent.

The affected children in this case were born at Chicago-area medical facilities between 2012 and 2019 and developed NEC but survived, court documents indicate. Three children underwent surgical procedures, and all continue experiencing ongoing medical complications, according to legal filings.

Nearly 1,000 lawsuits have been initiated against Abbott, which produces Similac formulas, and Mead Johnson, Enfamil’s manufacturer and a Reckitt subsidiary. More than 700 cases are consolidated in Illinois federal court, while additional cases remain pending in state courts across Illinois, Missouri, and Pennsylvania.

The disputed products include cow’s milk-based formulas and milk-fortifying products specifically manufactured for hospital use with infants, distinct from standard consumer formulas sold in retail stores.

Abbott, headquartered in Illinois, also manufactures medical equipment, nutrition products for adults and children, and pharmaceutical medications.

Both companies maintain that while breast milk provides protection against NEC, their formula products do not cause the condition, emphasizing that breast milk’s protective benefits have been well-established among medical professionals. Abbott CEO Robert Ford indicated in 2024 that litigation pressures might force discontinuation of preterm products.

Federal regulatory authorities and a scientific working group assembled by the National Institutes of Health concluded in a joint 2024 report that available evidence supports the theory that lack of breast milk, rather than formula exposure, correlates with increased NEC occurrence.

The companies have experienced varying outcomes in the limited number of cases that have reached trial stages.

During 2024, a St. Clair County, Illinois jury required Mead Johnson to pay $60 million to a mother whose premature infant died after consuming the company’s Enfamil formula. Several months afterward, a St. Louis jury mandated Abbott pay $495 million in damages in a separate case. Both decisions are under appeal.

The American Academy of Pediatrics submitted a supporting brief for Mead Johnson’s appeal last year, stating that formula represents standard medical care for premature infants.

Abbott and Mead Johnson secured a victory in one Missouri state court trial in October 2024, though the presiding judge subsequently ordered a new trial after determining defense attorneys had engaged in improper conduct. That decision is also being appealed.

In March, a Florida state judge dismissed a scheduled NEC case after concluding that additional warnings to the family’s physicians would not have altered their decision to use the formula.

No cases have advanced to trial in federal court, as the overseeing judge has dismissed three of four cases selected for benchmark trials.

In the most recent October dismissal, the judge determined that Abbott had provided compelling evidence regarding formula necessity and demonstrated that plaintiffs’ suggested alternatives were impractical.

WASHINGTON — Federal officials have modified the governing rules for a crucial vaccine advisory committee, potentially opening the door for more anti-vaccine perspectives, according to documents released Thursday.

The modifications come following a recent court ruling that has temporarily suspended meetings of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a panel that has guided the nation’s vaccination policies for decades.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has long questioned vaccine safety, removed all existing committee members after taking office and appointed new representatives. This reconstituted group then rejected recommending COVID-19 vaccinations even for vulnerable populations and voted against most hepatitis B immunizations for newborns. Additionally, Kennedy’s administration has reduced the childhood vaccination schedule.

Medical organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics filed legal action to prevent these changes, and a federal judge sided with them last month. While the administration has signaled plans to appeal, no formal appeal has been submitted.

The committee, referred to as ACIP, provides guidance to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which generally adopts its suggestions. These recommendations have historically influenced state vaccination requirements for educational institutions and determined insurance coverage for immunizations. The committee’s charter, which serves as its operational framework, typically undergoes routine renewal every two years without significant attention.

The revised charter expands membership criteria in ways that could accommodate Kennedy supporters. Although ACIP has traditionally emphasized vaccine safety, the new language mirrors terminology used by vaccination critics, focusing on potential risks such as examining “gaps in vaccine safety research” and evaluating “cumulative effects” of immunizations, concepts that mainstream science considers resolved. The panel would also review vaccination programs from other nations.

These modifications represent “a continued effort to do more of the same things to undermine ACIP, undermine vaccine policy” and public trust, stated Richard H. Hughes IV, an attorney representing the AAP.

The charter renewal deadline aligned with the ongoing legal proceedings, though Hughes noted it doesn’t address the court challenge.

“The ACIP charter renewal and its publication are routine statutory requirements and do not signal any broader policy shift,” explained Health and Human Services spokesman Andrew Nixon.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has established new operating guidelines for a federal vaccine advisory committee, expanding the panel’s scope to emphasize vaccine risk assessment and potential safety data shortcomings.

Kennedy signed the updated charter on March 31, which was made public Thursday. The action follows a federal court decision last month that found most of Kennedy’s previous panel appointees lacked proper qualifications and suspended their recommendations.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices provides guidance to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding vaccine usage and has become a central component of Kennedy’s initiative to transform national vaccination policies.

U.S. District Judge Brian Murphy in Boston ruled on March 16 that the committee had been improperly restructured. Kennedy, known for his opposition to vaccines, had dismissed all 17 independent specialists who previously served on the panel and appointed new members who align with his disputed positions on vaccination.

The revised charter expands qualification standards for committee members beyond traditional vaccine expertise and immunization research, now incorporating toxicology, data science, and professionals with “expertise in the assessment of vaccine safety and efficacy.”

Dorit Reiss, a UC Law San Francisco professor specializing in vaccine policy, explained that the updated charter reduces expertise requirements by only requiring members to be “knowledgeable,” potentially making it more difficult for courts to enforce expertise standards.

The new guidelines also designate four additional organizations as non-voting committee liaisons, including the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, the Independent Medical Alliance, and Physicians for Informed Consent—all groups that have promoted anti-vaccine positions.

Additionally, the Medical Academy of Pediatrics and Special Needs, which supports children with autism, has been included. Kennedy has persistently claimed that childhood vaccines trigger autism, despite extensive scientific research demonstrating vaccine safety.

Earlier this week, Kennedy’s Department of Health and Human Services announced plans for the expanded charter, which affects recommendations influencing vaccine usage and insurance coverage, including the national childhood vaccination schedule.

HHS spokesperson Andrew Nixon stated that renewing and publishing the committee charter represents “routine statutory requirements and do not signal any broader policy shift.”

Daniel Jernigan, who previously directed the CDC’s National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, warned that the new charter will simplify committee restructuring and “further politicizes the discussion at the meeting.”

Jernigan was among three senior CDC officials who resigned in August to protest Kennedy’s vaccination policies.

Richard Hughes IV, representing the American Academy of Pediatrics in their lawsuit challenging Kennedy’s vaccine policies, said it was too early to determine whether his organization would contest the new charter. “It really remains to be seen how they reconstitute the committee,” Hughes explained.

Women nationwide are facing significant challenges obtaining estrogen patches for menopause relief as a nationwide shortage continues to worsen, potentially lasting up to three years according to industry experts.

The supply crisis stems from dramatically increased demand following the Food and Drug Administration’s policy shift last year. Federal health officials began promoting hormone replacement therapy as “lifesaving” treatment in July, then eliminated long-standing safety warnings in November.

Data from health analytics firm Truveta shows patch usage jumped 26% through February after the FDA’s November announcement. More than one million American women enter menopause annually, and growing numbers are turning to estrogen patches to manage hot flashes, mood changes, and sleep problems.

“When the FDA removed the safety warning in November, it created unprecedented demand that cannot fully be met at present,” explained a representative from Swiss pharmaceutical company Sandoz, which has increased shipments to help address the shortage.

The patches deliver estrogen directly into the bloodstream through the skin as a form of hormone replacement therapy.

Dr. Gillian Goddard from NYU Grossman School of Medicine noted the dramatic shift in usage patterns. “For 20 years, less than 5% of women took hormone therapy. Now those numbers are growing… and scaling up production of medications is not as easy as it might seem,” she said.

Although federal officials haven’t formally declared a shortage, women are visiting multiple pharmacies, adjusting dosages, and switching between different brands or treatment types to find available supplies, according to interviews with patients, telehealth providers, and industry specialists.

Medical experts warn that suddenly stopping treatment can cause symptoms to return, while changing brands may trigger new side effects.

Amy Satterlund, a 50-year-old product manager from Fort Pierce, Colorado, has relied on estrogen patches for approximately 18 months but recently encountered supply difficulties.

She described having to anticipate shortages at CVS locations and endure extended wait times through online pharmacy Cost Plus Drugs.

“I do get nervous if I were unable to get my prescription refilled, that side effects or that the symptoms of perimenopause would come back,” Satterlund explained.

CVS Health confirmed that manufacturers haven’t been able to provide adequate quantities in recent weeks. Cost Plus representatives said they’ve increased inventory to meet exploding demand but haven’t received information about prolonged shortages from suppliers.

Andrew Nixon, speaking for the U.S. Health and Human Services Department, said the FDA is working with companies to support efforts to increase patch availability.

FDA Commissioner Marty Makary reversed previous cautionary guidance about hormone replacement therapy last July. Through interviews and public statements, he argued that women had been discouraged from these treatments due to cancer concerns, but that scientific evidence had evolved.

The 2002 Women’s Health Initiative research had connected hormone therapy to elevated risks for certain cancers, dementia, heart attacks and strokes. Currently, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists website outlines both risks and benefits of various hormone replacement therapies and recommends annual discussions between patients and doctors about continuing treatment.

Truveta’s analysis of electronic health records covering over 130 million patients nationwide found that most hormone replacement therapy forms have increased in recent years, with estrogen patches showing the steepest rise of 184% since 2023. Vaginal cream hormone therapy usage climbed 122% during the same timeframe.

By February 2026, approximately five out of every 100 women aged 45-54 had received estrogen-based hormone therapy prescriptions, nearly doubling since 2023 based on analysis of women who received medical prescriptions during that period.

Telehealth platform HRT Club, which connects patients with hormone therapies and physicians, reported patch sales increased 150% following the FDA’s November actions.

Estrogen patches are generic medications with minimal profit margins, giving manufacturers little financial motivation to rapidly invest in new production facilities or equipment that can require years to establish.

Long-term supply contracts can also prevent manufacturers from quickly responding to demand fluctuations, according to industry sources and medical professionals.

Leading patch manufacturers, including Amneal, Zydus, Sandoz, Noven, and Viatris, all have certain dosages in short supply, according to the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

Amneal and Viatris confirmed they’re working to increase patch production to satisfy demand. Zydus and Noven didn’t respond to requests for comment.

Dr. Mary Rosser, an obstetrician-gynecologist and director of Integrated Women’s Health at Columbia University, said the FDA has options to address shortages. These might include requiring manufacturers to maintain more diverse backup supply chains and mandating minimum stock levels with proactive monitoring systems.

The FDA declined to discuss such possibilities.

“People have waited a long time to make a decision… about whether they want to use hormones,” Rosser observed. “Then they make the decision and then they can’t get them.”

Mental health professionals are raising concerns about a troubling trend among teenagers and young adults who are developing serious issues with sports wagering and online gaming activities.

Child development specialists stress that mothers and fathers should initiate discussions with their children about the dangers of gambling addiction before these behaviors escalate into serious problems.

The rise in accessibility to betting platforms and gaming applications has created new challenges for families navigating these potentially harmful activities with their youth.