Authorities in both eastern and western Libya have significantly escalated their campaign against migrants and refugees over the past month, carrying out mass arrests, detentions, and forced removals, according to Amnesty International. The human rights group, in a statement released Tuesday, placed blame squarely on the European Union for enabling the abuse.
Libya has long served as a key transit point for people attempting to escape conflict and poverty in search of a better life in Europe. Since a NATO-backed revolt in 2011 that ousted Muammar Gaddafi, migrants have risked their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea. The country remains divided between competing factions controlling the west and east of the nation.
The EU and its member countries have provided funding and training to the Libyan coastguard for years. That coastguard intercepts migrants trying to cross the sea. Although the EU officially recognizes only the government based in Tripoli, it has also increased its dealings with the rival eastern authorities since last year.
Amnesty detailed the crackdown as including sweeping arrests across several cities, forced evictions, and the expulsion of hundreds of migrants — among them citizens of war-ravaged Sudan — who were given no opportunity to seek asylum or contest their removal.
Diana Elahawy, Amnesty International’s deputy regional director for the Middle East and North Africa, had sharp words for the EU’s role. “The EU has long bankrolled migration control in Libya with its support to the Libyan Coast Guard, which has already made it complicit in horrific violations and abuses,” she said.
Elahawy went further, saying: “Extending this cooperation to eastern-based armed groups with records of committing war crimes and other abuses with impunity shows a shocking disregard, not only for international law, but also for human life and dignity.”
Neither the EU’s executive body, the European Commission, nor the Libyan government in Tripoli, nor the eastern administration responded to requests for comment. EU officials have previously argued that their cooperation with Libya is aimed at saving lives on the water and stopping illegal smuggling operations.
In a letter sent to EU leaders last week, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen wrote that “continued EU engagement with Libya remains indispensable,” pointing to a surge in irregular crossings toward Greece through the Eastern Mediterranean route.
“We are providing targeted financial and operational support to strengthen border management, search-and-rescue and anti-smuggling capacities, and reduce illegal departures and the loss of lives at sea,” von der Leyen wrote.
Last summer, EU Migration Commissioner Magnus Brunner traveled to eastern Libya for meetings with officials there, but was expelled shortly after he arrived.
